探索区块链技术应用场景的经济逻辑--基于信息经济学视角的分析

To Explore the Economic Logic of Blockchain Technology Application Scenarios-An Analysis from the Perspective of Information Economics

为何区块链技术会率先在金融、数据流通、供应链管理、政务服务等场景中落地,未来还将向哪些领域继续加快拓展?回答这些重大实践命题需要探索区块链技术应用背后的经济逻辑。文章分两步揭开背后的机理。首先,文章将区块链技术特征与信息经济学的基本原理相结合,得出了区块链技术具有重大经济效力背后的多重机制:能有效缓解信息不对称,进而降低经济主体之间的协调成本;通过构建点对点信任机制,减少中间环节,进而降低成本、提升要素回报率;通过限制机会主义,提升社会治理效率。其次,文章基于这些经济机制,将区块链技术在现实世界中纷繁复杂的应用归纳为多利益主体博弈、去中介化、要素可信跨域流动、信用增强型社会治理等四类,并分析了每一类应用场景背后的深层机理。区块链技术虽然有诸多优势,但也有局限及适用边界。国家制定战略、企业发展新技术时,应充分尊重区块链技术的经济学逻辑与技术升级迭代的发展规律。在符合区块链经济特性的场景中,国家应鼓励创新,促进区块链技术与经济社会深度融合,加速区块链技术迭代升级;同时配套法律法规,包容创新、有序监管,促进区块链产业健康发展。

Why is blockchain technology first applied in scenarios such as finance,data circulation,supply chain management and government services,and in which areas will it continue to accelerate expansion in the future?Answering these major propositions requires exploring the economic logic behind the application of blockchain technology.This paper reveals the mechanism in two steps.First,combining the characteristics of blockchain technology with the basic principles of information economics,the paper demonstrates that there are multiple mechanisms behind the remarkable economic benefits of blockchain technology:It can effectively mitigate information asymmetry,thus reducing coordination costs among economic agents;it can reduce intermediate links by building a peer-to-peer trust mechanism,thus reducing costs and improving factor returns;it can limit opportunism behavior and improve social governance efficiency.Secondly,based on these economic mechanisms,the paper divides the various applications of blockchain technology in the real world into four categories:Multi-stakeholders game,disintermediation,credible cross-domain flow of factors,and credit-enhanced social governance,and analyzes the deep mechanisms behind each type of application scenarios.Although blockchain technology has many advantages,it also has limitations and particular scope of application.When governments formulating strategies and enterprises developing new technologies,they should fully respect the economic logic of blockchain technology and the development law of technology iteration.In the scenarios that meet the characteristics of blockchain economy,China should encourage innovation to promote the deep integration of blockchain technology with economy and society,and accelerate the iteration and upgrade of blockchain technology;at the same time,it should support laws and regulations,embrace innovation,and regulate in an orderly manner to promote the healthy development of blockchain industry.