马克思人学视域下的“人权高于主权论”批判

Criticism of“Human Rights above Sovereignty”from Marxist Human Viewpoint

立足于抽象人性论,以“人权生来论”“人权个体本有论”“人权建构主权论”“人权普世论”以及“美国人权灯塔论”等为支撑的,服务于西方特别是美国霸权主义的“人权高于主权论”,是一个荒谬且极具世界危害的理论。从马克思人学观点来看,人权是“劳赋”的而非“生来”的;人权享受有赖于集体保障,而非个体本有;主权是人权的集体承载和实现前提,而非由人权派生;人权是具体的,而非普世的;人权的发展只有更好,没有最好。所谓“美国人权灯塔论”,是根本不成立的。

Based on abstract human nature and supported by the arguments of “human rights being born”, “human rights of individual being”, “human rights constructing sovereignty”, “universal human rights” and “American beacon of human rights”, the argument of “human rights above sovereignty” which serves western hegemonism, especially that of the United States, is an absurd and extremely harmful theory to the world. From the Marxist human viewpoint, human rights are “endowed by labor” rather than “born”;the enjoyment of human rights depends on collective protection rather than individual ownership;sovereignty is collective bearing and realization premise of human rights rather than derivation of human rights;human rights are concrete rather than universal;and the development of human rights can only be better rather than the best. The so-called “American beacon of human rights” cannot stand up at all.