三星堆一号青铜神树的三维数字建模与静力学分析

3D modeling and statics analysis of the No.1 bronze sacred tree from Sanxingdui

结构稳定性是评估文物安全的重要方面。三星堆二号坑出土1号青铜树体量庞大、结构复杂,且存在腐蚀、裂纹等危险因素,为了充分记录、评估其保存状况,本研究在原始几何形状和内部构造的基础上,利用三维数字建模技术,建立其几何模型和数值模型,并估算出青铜神树的质量分布和质心位置等无法实地测量的数据,并使用有限元方法,从应力和位移的角度分析青铜树的静置状态下的安全性。经过有限元模拟和材料力学简化计算,发现龙身和树干连接处、树枝根部应力较大,是易受损区域。

The No.1 bronze sacred tree discovered at the No.2 pit of Sanxingdui site is large in size and complex in structure.Due to its various diseases,such as corrosion and cracks,the structural stability of the tree has always been the focus during its exhibition.In order to fully record and evaluate the preservation conditions of the tree and understand the stresses placed upon it,our study,based on the original geometric form and internal structure,applied the 3D digital modeling technology to establish geometric and numerical models of the bronze tree.This technology also helped to estimate some immeasurable data,such as the mass distribution and position of the mass center of the tree.In addition,the safety of the still bronze tree was analyzed in terms of stress and displacement using the finite element method.According to the results of the finite element method and simplified calculation of mechanics of materials,the connecting joints between the dragon body and the trunk,and the ends of branches are under high stress and vulnerable to damages.This study could provide scientific references for the installment of consolidation joints and other measures for the display of the No.1 bronze sacred tree.