密闭环境下地下水分变化对唐皇城墙含光门土遗址的影响研究

Study of the influence of groundwater changes on the earthen site of Xi’an Tang Hanguang Gate Museum in a closed environment

含光门土遗址属于室内土遗址,通过对土遗址病害、博物馆内温湿度、不同深度含水率长期监测及土样渗透系数、硬度测量发现,在相对密闭环境中,含光门土遗址在冬春季泛碱、剥落及春季严重霉菌等病害反复发生与遗址水分“单向蒸发”周期性变化有关;周围草坪浇水、降雨、城市排水渗漏向遗址内部渗流引起土遗址管涌的直接破坏。分析了地下水分变化引起含光门土遗址病害的原因,提出了在博物馆两侧设置隔水墙为主要措施,防止周围地下水渗流对土遗址的直接破坏作用,保持博物馆内恒温恒湿,防止地下水的“剧烈”变化引起的劣化影响。本研究可为含光门土遗址保护提供参考。

Based on long-term monitoring of the diseases of the earthen site,temperatures and humidity in the museum,water contents at different depths,and also on measurement of the permeability coefficients and hardness of soil samples,it is found that the repeated occurrence of flooding,spalling and serious mould in winter and spring is related to the periodic change of moisture in soil by the“unidirectional evaporation”in a relatively closed environment,and that the direct damage of piping in the earthen site is caused by the seepage due to lawn watering,rainfall and urban drainage into the site.The mechanism of soil damage caused by groundwater changes was analyzed and primary measures to prevent drastic groundwater changes of the earthen site were advanced.This study aims to provide a reference for the conservation of the earthen site of Xi’an Tang Hanguang Gate Museum.