历代对韩愈《讳辩》的评点——以古文选本为中心

Comments on Han Yu's Taboo Debate in the Past Dynasties——An Investigation Centered on Ancient-style Prose Anthology

《讳辩》作为韩愈古文的代表作之一,成为历代众多古文选本、笔记、文话编辑、注释以及评点的对象。以历代古文选本为主的评点材料,大致从《讳辩》的创作背景、写作技巧、艺术风格、师法对象及其文学史地位进行评点,大多评语公允可信。其中,《讳辩》文章结构的精密,是此文广受历代评点者褒扬和传颂的重要原因。历代评点者对《讳辩》中涉及到的“后尾抱前”问题,或认为文章结构为前三段分论,末段总结,构成平行式论辩;或认为前三段与末段形成递进式论辩。针对《讳辩》存在的“以文为戏”,部分评点出于传统论文思想持批判态度,而更多的评点从论辩效果及文章论辩结构出发,赞赏这种超越常规的创作方式。

As one of the representative works of Han Yu's ancient-style prose,Taboo Debate has become the object of editing,annotating and commenting on many ancient-style prose anthology,notes and words.Based on the ancient-style prose anthology of the past dynasties,comments are generally made from the creation background,writing skills,artistic style,objects of teaching and status in literary history of Taboo Debate.Most of the comments are fair and credible.The structure of Taboo Debate is very precise,which accounts for the praise by commentators in the past dynasties.For the"deduction and summary"involved in Taboo Debate,commentators in the past dynasties either think that the structure of the article is featured by a parallel argument in the first three paragraphs and a conclusion in the last paragraph,or think that the first three paragraphs and the last paragraph form a progressive argument.In view of the existence of"taking article as play"in Taboo Debate,some comments are based on the idea of traditional review articles and hold a critical attitude,while more comments praise this transcendent creative way from the argumentation effect and argumentation structure of the article.