云南大园子墓地出土有机材质镯饰的科技考古分析

Identification of Organic Bracelets from Dayuanzi Cemetery in Yunnan

本文通过红外光谱、气相色谱-质谱联用等有机残留物分析方法,对云南师宗县大园子墓地出土的有机材料镯饰进行了分析。在样品中均检测到大量桦树皮焦油的生物标记物,证明其为桦树皮焦油制作而成,这在我国的考古发现中尚属首例,提供了桦树皮焦油用于装饰品制作的直接证据。大园子墓地是一处战国秦汉时期与西南夷有关的文化遗存,桦树皮焦油镯饰体现了战国秦汉时期滇东地区有关族群对桦树资源的认识与利用。

Organic residue analysis including FTIR(Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy)and GC-MS(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry)was undertaken on the organic bracelets unearthed from Dayuanzi Cemetery in Shizong County,Yunnan Province,Southwest China.The molecular components of these bracelets show predominance of triterpenoids which were diagnostic biomarkers of birch bark tar,indicating that they were all made from birch bark tar.This is considered to be the first direct evidence for the use of birch bark tar in making ornaments.Dayuanzi Cemetery is cultural site related to Xinan Yi(Southwestern Barbarian)ethnic group from the Warring-States Period to the Western Han Dynasty.The birch bark tar bracelet decoration reflects the awareness and utilization of birch resources by the communities in eastern Yunnan during the Warring States,Qin and Han dynasties.