从渔猎到畜牧:动物图腾神话的发生与演进--以出土图像为中心

From Fishing and Hunting to Animal Husbandry:Occurrence and Evolution of Animal Totemic Myth Based on Unearthed Images

出土图像表明上古图腾神话与先民的渔猎活动、畜牧活动有密切关系。先民在渔猎活动中广泛接触自然界的野生动物,这些野生动物带有一定的危险性,先民出于敬畏心理产生崇拜,遂以之为图腾,以求避害。畜牧活动兴起后,先民驯养的猪、牛、羊等相对温顺的动物在生产、生活中的作用越发重要,因此也取得了图腾地位。总体而言,人类生产生活的进步,导致了图腾崇拜由野生动物向家养动物演进,但这种转变并非突进式、断层式,家养动物图腾的兴起也没有完全取代野生动物图腾。

The excavated images show that the ancient totemic myth was closely related to the fishing and hunting activities and animal husbandry activities.Ancestors were widely exposed to wild animals in fishing and hunting activities,which were dangerous to some extent.Ancestors worshipped them out of awe,so they took them as totems in order to avoid harm.After the rise of animal husbandry,some relatively docile animals such as pigs,cattle and sheep domesticated by ancestors played an increasingly important role in production and life,so they also became totem.Generally speaking,the progress of human production and life had led to the evolution of totem worship from wild animals to domestic animals,but this change had not been sudden,and the rise of domestic animal totem had not completely replaced wild animal totem.