近代淮河下游地区的水旱田分界--基于“清河不产稻而人食米”现象的解读

Boundary Between Paddy Field and Dry Field in the Lower Reaches of Huaihe River in Modern Times:Interpretation of the Statement of People Eating Rice Without Rice Production in Qinghe

“清河不产稻而人食米”的说法源自丰济仓管理者关于仓储积谷的表述,虽不免有夸大仓储作用之嫌,但基本反映了淮河下游地区的农业环境、稻米供应以及水旱田分布情况。淮河是一条重要的南北地理分界线,地跨淮河两岸的清河县以旱田为主,几乎不产水稻。与清河县相邻的淮河以南的山阳县,其南部地区则为产米区。就稻米需求而言,清河县城清江浦的人以食米为主。究其原因,作为运河名城的清江浦,在近代运河城市普遍衰落的背景下,其地位逆势上升并取代府城淮安成为区域中心城市,故对稻米需求旺盛。对上述现象的解读,不仅印证了胡焕庸关于近代淮河下游南北农业地理分界表述的准确性,还进一步揭示了水旱田分界在县域范围内亦有明显的表现。

The statement of people eating rice without rice production in Qinghe originated from that of Fengji warehouse managers.Although exaggerated,it reflected the agricultural environment,rice supply and the distribution of paddy and dry fields in the lower reaches of the Huaihe River.The Huaihe River is an important geographical dividing line between the north and south.Qinghe County,which straddled both sides of the Huaihe River,was mainly dry farmland and did not produce rice.Shanyang County,adjacent to Qinghe County,was a rice producing area in the south.In terms of rice demand,people in Qingjiangpu mainly ate rice.The reason was that under the background of the general decline of modern canal cities,the status of Qingjiangpu rose against the trend,replacing prefectural city Huai’an as the regional central city,so there was a strong demand for rice.The interpretation of the above statement not only verifies the accuracy of Hu Huanyong’s statement,but also reveals the performance of the boundary between water and dry land within the county.