西周至汉时期的刮刀功能试析

Analysis on the Bronze and Iron Scrapers’Function from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Han Dynasty

刮刀主要存在于西周至西汉前期,其功能大致稳定,主要是对竹类材料进行刮削的细加工工具,可能也是竹篾器制作过程中的辅助工具。不过,在战国至西汉前期时期,虽然主要功能承自铜刮刀,但是部分铁刮刀的功能已经发生了分化,少数可作为书刀使用,有的则在特定地区短暂地成为纺织过程的辅助工具,有的也出现了其他新的附属功能。刮刀不适合做平木器使用,在工具史上具有重要意义的平木工具“鐁”应当另有他属。绝大部分刮刀也不作为书刀使用,而可能是参与到竹简制作修治的过程中去。

Scrapers’function was stable,mainly for scraping and shaving the materials of bamboo,and also probably assisting bamboo products making,from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the early stage of the Western Han dynasty,in which the scrapers existed.However,iron scrapers'main function follow bronze scrapers’in the late Warring States to the early Western Han period,but part of them became differentiated.A few iron scrapers can be use to amend record in the bamboo slip,some temporarily became auxiliary tools in the weaving process in certain areas,and some had other new auxiliary functions.Scrapers were not suitable to be used to level the materials of wood,so"si",the tool for leveling wood,unlike scrapers,which is recorded in the ancient texts had significant meaning in the history of tools in ancient China.The vast majority of scrapers also were not used to amend record in the bamboo slip,but might be involved in the process of making and repairing bamboo slips.