“山枝”与“水枝”:历史上广东荔枝品种及分类探析

"Mountain Branch"and"Water Branch":Analysis of the Varieties and Classification of Litchi in Guangdong in History

荔枝的品种分类是学界关注的问题之一,广东虽作为中国荔枝的主产区之一,却少有研究关注历史上人们对广东荔枝各品种的命名起源及分类方式的形成缘由。本文通过探究广东荔枝“山枝”与“水枝”分类法的形成过程,得出如下结论:一,广东的早、晚熟荔枝品种的形成与土壤环境、生态条件之间存在密切关系;二,此分类法的形成与传播,在很大程度上源于清代广东地区荔枝文化的发展,以及此一时期荔枝市场化的需求。

The variety classification of litchi is one of the concerns of academic circles.Although Guangdong has been one of the main producing areas of litchi in China since ancient times,few studies have paid attention to the naming origin and classification of all kinds of litchi varieties in Guangdong in history.By exploring the formation of"mountain branches"and"water branches"of litchi in Guangdong in the Qing Dynasty,the following conclusions can be drawn:Firstly,there is a close relationship between the formation of early and late-ripening litchi varieties in Guangdong in the Qing Dynasty and the soil environment and ecological conditions;Second,the formation and dissemination of this classification largely stems from the development of lychee culture in Guangdong in the Qing Dynasty and the demand for lychee marketization during this period.