鄱阳湖流域水资源开发利用的时空特征

Spatio-temporal characteristics of water resources development and utilization in the Poyang Lake Basin

对流域水资源开发利用时空特征进行分析是提高未来水资源开发利用合理性、高效性的前提,可为流域未来水资源规划、开发、利用提供有力支撑。基于2010-2019年鄱阳湖流域用水和经济社会数据,采用变异系数、洛伦兹曲线与基尼系数、空间分级分类、信息熵与均衡度分别从水资源的开发利用量、开发利用效率、开发利用结构3方面研究流域近10年水资源开发利用的时空特征。结果表明:鄱阳湖流域各行业中第二产业的用水空间布局均衡性最差,变异系数为0.8~0.9,用水空间布局与水资源空间禀赋的匹配性最差,基尼系数为0.30~0.35;流域内各地市2010-2019年用水结构均衡度在0.40~0.75之间,其中,抚州市均衡度最小,均值约为0.40,南昌市均衡度最大,均值在0.75左右。流域内第二产业的用水空间布局有逐年改善的趋势,其发展布局已逐渐重视水资源因素;各行业用水效率有明显的空间差异性,且各行业的用水效率不具有空间一致性,其中第二产业用水效率有逐年提高的趋势;影响鄱阳湖流域内用水结构均衡性的主要因素是农业用水量占比较大。

The analysis of spatio-temporal characteristics of water resources development and utilization in the river basin can lay the foundation for the rational and effective development and utilization of future water resources,and provide a technical support for the planning,development and utilization of water resources in the basin.Based on the water use and socio-economic data of Poyang Lake Basin from 2010 to 2019,we studied the temporal and spatial characteristics of water resources development and utilization in recent 10 years from the three aspects of quantity,efficiency and structure of water resources development and utilization using the factors of coefficient of variation,Lorentz curve and Gini coefficient,spatial classification,information entropy and equilibrium.Among all the industries in the Poyang Lake Basin,the spatial distribution of water use in the secondary industry was the most unbalanced,its coefficient of variation ranged from 0.8 to 0.9,and the spatial matching between water use distribution and water resources endowment was the worst,its Gini coefficient ranged from 0.30 to 0.35.From 2010 to 2019,the equilibrium degree of water use structure of cities in the basin ranged from 0.4 to 0.75,among which,the equilibrium degree of Fuzhou City was the smallest,about 0.4,and that of Nanchang city was the largest,about 0.75.However,the spatial distribution of water use of the secondary industry in the basin presented an upward trend during these years,because water resources gradually drew more and more attention in the development layout of this industry.The water use efficiency of each industry had obvious spatial differences,but the variations were inconsistent,among which,the water use efficiency of the secondary industry had been increasing year by year.The main factor affecting the balance of water use structure in the Poyang Lake Basin was the large proportion of agricultural water consumption.