我国官方标志保护法律问题研究

Research on the Legal Issues of the Protection of Official Marks in China

官方标志在一定程度上代表政府、组织等公共机构的工作理念、文化特性及公共事务管理的内容和领域,是管理权的符号体现。当前,学界对该问题缺乏研究,相应的法律规定也不完善,有必要就官方标志制度的理论开展深入的研究。官方标志与商标均属于标志和符号,虽在立法目的、权利属性、权利实现程序等方面存在巨大差异,但是官方标志的保护依赖于商标制度。美、加等国对官方标志的保护都是规定于商标法中,加拿大商标法将官方标志界定为“公共机构”的标志,美国将官方标志严格限定于“国家标志”。笔者通过分析两国对官方标志截然不同的立法模式及行政程序,为我国官方标志立法中保护范围界定、行政程序和法律效力等方面提出建议。

To a certain extent,official marks represent the working ideologies,cultural characteristics,as well as the content and features in public affairs management of public authorities such as government departments and other organizations,and they are reflections of the management right.At present,China s academic circles still lack in-depth analysis,and the corresponding legal provisions are not perfect,so it is necessary to carry out in-depth research on the theory of the official marks system.There are vast differences between the official mark system and the trademark system in terms of legislative purposes,rights attributes,and administrative procedures.The protection of official marks is inseparable from the trademark system.Throughout the world,the protection of official marks is usually regulated by trademark laws.The Canadian Trademark Law defines the official marks as marks of“public institutions”,while the United States strictly limits the official marks as the“national marks”.By analyzing the very different legislative models and administrative procedures of the two countries for official marks,it is possible to make recommendations for the legislation on the definition of the scope of protection,administrative procedures and legal effects of official marks in China.