消化系统肿瘤发生有丝分裂危象的研究进展

Research progress of mitotic catastrophe in digestive system tumors

消化系统肿瘤占全球肿瘤发病率第一位,其发生与饮食、环境和遗传等多种因素有关,早期往往无特征性表现。目前公众对消化道早癌筛查意识不强,确诊时部分患者已为中晚期,失去手术机会,因此放、化疗成为中晚期消化系统肿瘤患者的希望。抑制肿瘤细胞增殖和促进其凋亡一直是肿瘤研究领域的热点问题。有丝分裂危象是一种内源性肿瘤抑制机制,是在有丝分裂期,细胞周期检查点异常或纺锤体结构损伤而造成细胞死亡的现象,与肿瘤增殖抑制密切相关,但是发生的分子生物学机制及相关信号通路尚不明确。本文就消化系统肿瘤细胞发生有丝分裂危象的分子生物学机制进行综述,为研究消化系统肿瘤的综合治疗提供理论依据。

Digestive system tumors rank first incidence in global,and their occurrence is caused by multiple factors such as diet,environment,geneticsetc,and there are often no characteristic manifestations in the early stage.At present,the public does not have a strong concept of screening for early gastrointestinal cancer.Some patients are in the middle or late stage when they are diagnosed,and they lose the opportunity of surgery.Therefore,radiotherapy and chemotherapy have become the hope for patients with advanced digestive system tumors.Inhibiting tumor cell proliferation and promoting its apoptosis have always been a hot issue in the field of tumor research.Mitotic catastrophe is an endogenous tumor suppressive mechanism,which is a phenomenon of cell death caused by abnormal cell cycle checkpoints or damage to the spindle structure during mitosis.It is closely related to the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation,but its molecular biological mechanism and related signaling pathway are still unclear.This article reviews the molecular biological mechanism of mitotic catastrophe in digestive system tumor cells,and provides theoretical basis for the study of comprehensive treatment of digestive system tumors.