基于居民视角的既有社区健康社区建设指标研究

Research on Health Community Construction Indexes of Existing Communities from the Perspective of Residents

国内外已陆续出台不少健康社区建设标准和评价体系,这些自上而下的指标体系广泛而全面,却不一定能反映居民需求,而且当前既有社区健康建设指标研究的针对性不强。因此,文章试图结合居民视角来研究当前健康社区建设指标的权重。首先,梳理了国内外有代表性的健康社区标准,构建新的建设指标,并通过专家问卷、层次分析法、重要性指标筛选法,对指标进行了初步筛选。其次,通过问卷调研,走访了上海内、中、外环和新城的多个建成小区,结合居民意见,计算出综合指标权重,对指标进行了进一步优化。最后,获得了结合居民视角的健康社区建设指标及其权重,它包含:健康居住、健康环境、健康卫生、健康活动、健康服务五大一级指标和33项二级指标,可为既有社区的社区更新提供指导性意见。

There are many standards and evaluation systems for the construction of healthy communities at home and abroad.These top-down indicator systems are extensive and comprehensive,but do not necessarily reflect the needs of residents.Moreover,the current research on the health construction indexes of the existing communities is less targeted.Therefore,this paper tries to study the weight of healthy community construction indexes from the perspective of residents.First of all,the representative standards for healthy communities at home and abroad are sorted out to construct new construction indexes,which are preliminarily screened by expert questionnaire,analytic hierarchy process and importance indicator screening method.Then,a number of built communities were visited in the inner,middle and outer rings and the new cities in Shanghai through the questionnaire survey;the weights of the comprehensive indexes are calculated according to the residents’opinions to further optimize the indexes.Finally,the healthy community construction indexes and their weights are obtained from the perspective of residents,including five first-level indexes of healthy residence,healthy environment,health,health activities and health services,and 33 second-level indexes,which can guide the community renewal of existing communities.