中国牛精液进口依赖程度及原因分析

Analysis of the Degree and Reasons of Bovine Semen Import Dependence in China

本研究旨在对中国牛精液进口依赖程度及原因进行分析,基于中华人民共和国海关总署数据和联合国贸易数据库(UN Comtrade),统计2010-2020年中国进口牛精液的数量和金额,对中国牛精液进口的贸易状况和进口结构变化进行分析,并利用国际市场依赖性指标评价中国牛精液进口对世界来源国的依赖程度。结果表明,2010-2020年中国牛精液进口数量和金额整体上逐年增多,进口来源国主要是美国、加拿大、荷兰和德国,其中美国是中国最主要的牛精液进口来源国,中国对美国的牛精液进口依赖程度最高。原因与中国奶牛育种工作的发展需要及目前国内育种水平与国际先进育种水平仍存在差距有关。

The purpose of this study was to analyze the dependence degree and causes of bovine semen import in China.Based on the data of General Administration of Customs(PRC)and the UN Comtrade database,the quantity and amount of imported bovine semen in China from 2010 to 2020 were analyzed,and the trade status and import structure changes of bovine semen in China were analyzed.The dependence index of international market was used to evaluate the dependence degree of China's bovine semen import on the world origin countries.The results showed that the quantity and amount of bovine semen import in China increased year by year,and the imported countries were mainly the United States,Canada,the Netherlands and Germany.The United States was the most important source country of bovine semen import in China.China had the highest dependence on the import of bovine semen from the United States,which was related to the rapid development of dairy cattle breeding in China and the gap between the domestic breeding level and the advanced international breeding level.