微生物和化学添加剂对畜禽粪便堆肥过程活性氮气体的减排研究

Study on Reduction of Reactive Gaseous Nitrogen of Compost Product by Microorganism and Chemical Additive in Composting Process of Livestock and Poultry Manure

堆肥是将畜禽粪污进行资源化的有效手段之一,但是氮素的流失会造成堆肥产品质量的降低,排放的氨气(NH_(3))和氧化亚氮(N_(2)O)会加剧空气污染和温室效应。为了减少堆肥过程中活性氮气体的排放、提高堆肥产物的氮素含量,选用猪粪和鸡粪作为原料进行室内模拟堆肥,设置接种微生物、加入化学添加剂或两者联用的试验处理。结果表明,加入化学添加剂的处理以及微生物和化学添加剂联用的处理能够显著减排活性氮气体,实现高效保氮的目的。在猪粪堆肥过程中,相对于未接种、未加入化学添加剂的对照,加入化学添加剂的处理、Bacillus sp.H3-1和化学添加剂联用的处理以及B.sp.H5-9和化学添加剂联用的处理NH_(3)减排11%~21%,N_(2)O减排4%~6%,堆肥产物中NH 4+-N含量增加6.7~7.7倍。在鸡粪堆肥过程中,相对于未接种、未加入化学添加剂的对照,加入化学添加剂的处理、B.sp.H1-10和化学添加剂联用的处理N_(2)O减排25%~26%,堆肥产物的NH_(4)^(+)-N含量增加3.3~3.9倍。因此,加入化学添加剂以及微生物和化学添加剂联用可协同减排NH_(3)和N_(2)O,实现堆肥产物保氮,该研究可为畜禽粪便绿色高效资源化和农业碳中和提供重要依据。

Composting is one of the effective means to recycle livestock and poultry waste,but the loss of nitrogen during the process leads to a decrease in composting product quality.Moreover,ammonia(NH_(3))and nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)emissions will aggravate air pollution and the greenhouse effect.To reduce the emission of reactive gaseous nitrogen during composting and improve the nitrogen content of composting products,pig manure and chicken manure were selected as raw materials for indoor simulated composting.The experimental treatments included inoculation with Bacillus strains,amendment with chemical additives,and combining Bacillus strains with chemical additives.The results show that the treatment with chemical additives only or a combination of Bacillus strain with chemical additives significantly decreased the emission of reactive gaseous nitrogen and maintained nitrogen in composting product compared with dual non-inoculated and non-amended control.In the process of pig manure composting,the NH_(3)emission was decreased by 11%to 21%in treatment with chemical additives only,or dual treatment with Bacillus sp.H3-1 and chemical additives,and dual treatment of B.sp.H5-9 with chemical additives in comparison with the control.It was also observed that N_(2)O emission decreased by 4%-6%in these treatments compared with the control.The content of NH_(4)^(+)-N in composting products increased by 6.7-7.7 times compared to the control.In the composting process of chicken manure,the N_(2)O emission was decreased by 25%-26% in the treatment with chemical additives only or dual treatment with B.sp.H1-10 and chemical additives compared with dual non-inoculated and non-amended control.The NH 4+-N content of composting products increased by magnitude of 3.3-3.9.Therefore,the amendment with chemical additives only or a combination of Bacillus strain with chemical additives could reduce NH_(3)and N_(2)O emissions and maintain the nitrogen in composting products simultaneously.This study adds valuable information and provides a fundamental scientific knowledge towards the green and efficient resource utilization of livestock and poultry manure and help in achieving agricultural carbon neutrality.