基于性别差异视角的医学生对器官捐献认知、态度、意愿及影响因素分析

Cognition,Attitude and Influencing Factors of Organ Donation among Medical Students from the Perspective of Gender

目的从性别差异视角探讨医学生对器官捐献的认知、态度、意愿及分析其影响因素,为提高医学生整体的器官捐献意愿提供建议。方法采取便利抽样于2020年5—7月选取某地区高校共420名医学生,运用器官捐献量表实施问卷调查,通过描述性分析、独立样本t检验、单因素方差分析及Spearman相关分析进行数据处理,运用多元线性回归分析其影响因素。结果男性知识维度得分(6.81±0.15)分,态度维度得分(4.12±0.62)分,意愿维度得分(3.01±0.08)分;女性知识维度得分(5.94±0.12)分,态度维度得分(3.98±0.46)分,意愿维度得分(2.57±0.08)分,性别之间比较3个维度差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。经多元线性回归分析显示,男性捐献态度受登记过器官捐献(P<0.001,95%CI:0.352~0.513)、学习过捐献知识(P<0.001,95%CI:0.122~0.239)、曾照顾移植病人(P<0.001,95%CI:0.252~0.414)及亲友间移植经历(P<0.001,95%CI:0.185~0.342)的影响较大;女性捐献态度与曾照顾过移植病人(P<0.001,95%CI:0.194~0.664)和亲友间移植经历(P<0.001,95%CI:0.352~0.759)有关。结论医学生对器官捐献的认知、态度及意愿有性别差异,主要原因有知识把握度差异、不同思维方式及性格特性、同理心及对死亡的恐惧等因素。

Objective To explore the cognition,attitude and willingness of medical students to organ donation from the perspective of gender differences,and analyze its influencing factors,so as to provide suggestions for improving the overall willingness of medical students to organ donation.Methods A total of 420 medical students from a regional university were selected by convenient sampling from May to July 2020.The organ donation scale was used to carry out a questionnaire survey.The data were analyzed by descriptive analysis,independent sample t-test,one-way ANOVA and Spearman correlation analysis,and the influencing factors were analyzed by multiple linear regression.Results Male score(6.81±0.15)in knowledge dimension,(4.12±0.62)in attitude dimension,(3.01±0.08)in willingness dimension,respectively;female score(5.94±0.12)in knowledge dimension,(3.98±0.46)in attitude dimension score,(2.57±0.08)in willingness dimension.There were significant differences among the three dimensions(P<0.001).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that male donation attitude was greatly affected by registered organ donation(P<0.001,95%CI:0.352-0.513),learned donation knowledge(P<0.001,95%CI:0.122-0.239),cared for transplant patients(P<0.001,95%CI:0.252-0.414)and had transplantation experience among relatives and friends(P<0.001,95%CI:0.185-0.342),and female donation attitude was significantly related to cared for transplant patients(P<0.001,95%CI:0.194-0.664),had transplantation experience among relatives and friends(P<0.001,95%CI:0.352-0.759).Conclusion There are gender differences in medical students’cognition,attitude and willingness of organ donation,mainly due to differences in knowledge assurance,different ways of thin-king and personality traits,empathy and fear of death.