制造业嵌入式服务化促进了企业创新吗--创新数量与质量视角

Does the Manufacturing Embedded Servitization Promote Firm Innovation?The Perspective of Quantity and Quality

制造业嵌入式服务化是制造业服务化转型的主导路径,对制造业高质量发展具有重要作用。基于制造业嵌入式服务化对企业创新的影响机理分析,采用2008—2018年中国制造业上市公司嵌入式服务化数据与专利数据,实证检验制造业嵌入式服务化对企业创新数量、创新质量的影响效应与作用机制,结果表明:制造业现代服务嵌入对企业创新数量和创新质量具有提升效应,传统服务嵌入仅对创新数量具有促进作用;制造业嵌入式服务化创新效应具有行业异质性和发展阶段异质性特征,传统制造业和成长期企业能够从服务化转型中获益更多。中介机制检验结果表明,制造业嵌入式服务化主要通过调整企业要素结构和优化企业创新行为影响企业创新表现。其中,创新要素投入和探索性创新是主要作用渠道。

China has entered a new stage of high-quality development,transforming from quantity-accumulation innovation to quality-improvement innovation in the inherent requirement for achieving high-quality development.Over the past two decades,China has become the world's largest patent applicant country,but there is still a big gap between China and de-veloped countries in terms of innovation quality.The technological blockade imposed by some western countries on China also shows that many core technologies are still disciplined by others.Meanwhile,manufacturing embedded servitization is the dominant path of manufacturing servitization,which has become a significant direction for the transformation and up-grading of the global manufacturing industry,and an important way for China to enhance the enterprise competitiveness as well.However,events such as GE's decision to spin off its financial services business in 2017 raise the importance of ex-ploring how servitization affects technological innovation in manufacturing companies.Can manufacturing embedded ser-vitization effectively solve the low-quality dilemma of innovation in China?Therefor,how to promote Chinese enterprise high-quality innovation through manufacturing embedded servitization is the key to solve the"bottleneck"problem and speed up the construction of world innovation power.This study measure the embedded servitization of listed manufacturing companies from 2008 to 2018 according to the main products information published in the annual reports.Specifically,if there is a strategic match or complementarity between the service provided by a manufacturing enterprise and the main products,it will be recorded as embedded serviti-zation,and it is further divided into modern embedded service and traditional embedded service according to the degree of technology intensive.Moreover,this study collects the patent application and citation information of sample companies,and the patent quality is measured by the number of citations within 4 years from the date of application,and patent quan-tity is measured by the number of utility patents and invention patents successfully applied.In addition,mechanism varia-bles include innovation resource and innovation behavior,the former includes R&D funding and R&D personnel,the lat-ter includes cooperative innovation and exploratory Innovation.Panel fixed effects model and mediation mechanism model are used to conduct empirical tests,and instrumental variable model and zero inflation negative binomial model are used to reconfirm the results.The results show that firstly the modern embedded servitization has a double promoting effect on the quantity and quality of firm innovation,while traditional embedded servitization only promotes the patent quantity.Secondly,the innovation effects of embedded servitization have heterogeneous influence on different industry and stage of development,while traditional manufacturing and companies in growing stage can benefit more,comparing with high-tech industry and mature firms.Thirdly,the mediation mechanism tests show that the embedded servitization affects firm in-novation mainly by adjusting the structure of production factors and optimizing the innovation behavior,and the innovation resources and exploration innovation are the main channels.This study makes contributions in following three aspects.Firstly,it measures the degree of embedded servitization in manufacturing enterprises,and based on the degree of knowledge intensity,manufacturing service embeddedness is fur-ther divided into modern service embeddedness and traditional service embeddedness.Secondly,it confirms the mediating effect of enterprise factor structure adjustment mechanism and enterprise innovation behavior optimization,which open the black box of manufacturing embedded servitization on enterprise innovation.Thirdly,the study reveals many specific con-clusions and policy implications that provide micro evidence to explore an effective path of manufacturing servitization,which has certain reference value for improving innovation capacity to solve the low-quality dilemma of innovation in Chi-na.According to the research conclusions,the following policy implications are drawn.First,the application of modern service such as the industrial Internet,artificial intelligence and 5G in manufacturing enterprises should be promoted.Meanwhile,it is necessary to accelerate the construction of modern service platforms such as research consultation,in-spection and testing institutions.Second,exploring suitable manufacturing servitization paths for enterprises in different industries and development stages,such as strengthening the integration of traditional manufacturing with modern services and increasing the support for the servitization of growing enterprises.Third,local governments should strengthen R&D talent attraction and training program to meet the demand of talents in service transformation,at the same time,enterpri-ses are encouraged to build an open and diversified collaborative innovation network,which will enhance the capacity for independent innovation through openness and cooperation.