不同外绝缘材料避雷器表面自然积污规律研究

Study on the Natural Pollution Characteristics of Arrester Surface With Different External Insulation Material

为研究不同外绝缘材料避雷器表面的污秽分布特性,选取某变电站复合外套避雷器和喷涂RTV瓷外套避雷器进行为期1年自然条件下的积污试验,通过测量避雷器表面的等值盐密和灰密,总结分析了避雷器不同位置积污规律、表面污秽不均匀度及灰盐比,并采用离子色谱法测量了污秽的主要成分。结果表明:复合外套避雷器和喷涂RTV瓷外套避雷器的高压端和接地端均比中间部位积污严重;复合外套避雷器伞裙上表面和下表面的等值盐密近似一致,上表面灰密及灰盐比约为下表面灰密及灰盐比的2倍;喷涂RTV瓷外套避雷器伞裙上表面和下表面的积污程度近似一致;该站避雷器表面污秽主要成分之一是难溶性的CaSO_(4)。研究结果可为避雷器的人工污秽试验方法以及耐污型避雷器设计提供参考。

In order to study the pollution distribution characteristics of arrester surface with different external insulating materials,the polymer⁃housed metal⁃oxide surge arrester(MOA)and the porcelain⁃housed MOA in a substation were selected for pollution accumulation test under natural conditions for one year.By measuring the equivalent salt deposit density(ESDD)and non⁃soluble deposit density(NSDD)on the surface of lightning arrester,the pollution accumulation law,surface pollution non⁃uniformity and the ratio of NSDD to ESDD at different positions of MOA were analyzed.The main components of pollution were measured by ion chromatography.The results show that the pollution of the high⁃voltage side and low⁃voltage side of MOA is more serious than that of the middle part.For the polymer⁃housed MOA,the ESDD of the top surface and the bottom surface is approximately the same,while the average ratio of both NSDD and NSDD to ESDD of the top surface is about twice that of the bottom surface.For the porcelain⁃housed MOA with RTV,the pollution characteristics of the top surface and the bottom surface are approximately the same.One of the main pollution components on the surface of MOA for this substation is CaSO_(4).The research results can provide a reference for making the artificial pollution test and improving the design level of the MOA.