细胞氧化应激的危害及抗氧化应激的研究进展

Harm of Cellular Oxidative Stress and Research Progress of Anti-oxidative Stress

氧化应激是机体受到有害刺激时,体内活性氧自由基产生过多,氧化-抗氧化平衡受到了破坏,从而导致组织损伤。活性氧主要来源于线粒体呼吸作用,而过量的活性氧将会损伤线粒体的结构和功能。因此如何保持细胞内的氧化系统与抗氧化系统平衡(氧化还原平衡),对健康极为重要。抗氧化系统通过清除ROS、螯合金属离子、猝灭单线态氧以及降低氧浓度等方式来减缓或抑制细胞氧化。将从细胞氧化应激、氧化应激与线粒体损伤、抗氧化防御系统三方面阐述氧化与抗氧化平衡对健康的重要性,为促进健康并预防疾病提供新的思路。

Oxidative stress referred to the excessive production of reactive oxygen radicals in the body when the organism was subjected to harmful stimuli,and the oxidative-antioxidant balance was destroyed,resulting in tissue damage.Reactive oxygen species(ROS)mainly came from mitochondrial respiration,and excessive ROS would damage the structure and function of mitochondria.Therefore,how to maintain the balance between the oxidation system and the antioxidant system in the cell(redox balance)was extremely important to health.The antioxidant system slowed down or inhibits cell oxidation by scavenging ROS,chelating metal ions,quenching singlet oxygen,and reducing oxygen concentration.It explained the importance of oxidation and antioxidant balance to health from three aspects of cellular oxidative stress,oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage,and antioxidant defense system,and provided new ideas for promoting health and preventing diseases.