中国社会心理咨询服务:基于需求和服务的现状分析

Social Psychological Counseling Services in China:A Current Situation Analysis Based on Demand and Services

目的:基于需求和服务2个层面,了解目前中国社会心理咨询服务的现状,为促进我国社会心理服务能力的提升、推动心理健康服务行业的发展提供针对性的建议。方法:通过壹心理平台招募咨询师和用户作为研究对象,采用自编问卷,通过网络进行调查,实际共收回《2021年度中国心理咨询师人群调研表》562份,《2021年度心理咨询来访者调研问卷》2185份。结果:服务层面,47.3%的咨询师主要个案来源是互联网平台,与来访者寻找咨询师途径匹配。随着咨询经验的增加,心理咨询师周个案量整体呈递增趋势。大部分心理咨询师收支不平衡。心理咨询师群体共性的困难前3位分别是新来访量不足、经济压力、困难个案带来的压力。需求层面,来访者最在意咨询师能否解决其目前困境、咨询师的专业培训和咨询取向、咨询价格。超过46.3%的来访认为咨询非常有帮助。结论:在政府和政策的支持下,社会心理咨询服务机构有望凭借灵活的市场机制,实现咨询师“专业化”“职业化”的成长,提供来访者基于需求的优质心理咨询服务,同时推动行业和产业的长足发展。

Objective:Based on both demand and service levels,this study is purposed to offer specific suggestions for understanding the current development of social psychological counseling services,improving social psychological service capacity,and promoting the growth of mental health service industry in China.Methods:Consultants and clients were recruited as the research objects in this study from Psy One,a psychological platform,and self-compiled questionnaires were used.A total of 562 copies of the Chinese psychological consultant population questionnaire 2021 and 2185 copies of the psychological consultation questionnaire for clients 2021 were collected.Results:At the service level,47.3%of the consultants’cases mainly come from Internet platforms,which matches the way of that clients look for consultants.With the increase of counseling experience,the weekly cases of psychological counselors have shown an increasing trend.Most psychological consultants experience a disequilibrium of balance of payments.Their top three common difficulties of psychological consultants are lack of new clients,economic pressure,and stress from difficult cases.At the demand level,clients care most about the consultants’ability to solve their specific predicament,the consultants’professional training and consulting orientation,and the consulting prices.More than 46.3%of clients found counseling very helpful.Conclusions:Under the support of the government and policies,social psychological counseling service institutions are expected to realize the growth of“professionalism”based on flexible market mechanisms and to provide clients with demand-based high-quality psychological counseling services,and meanwhile,driving the rapid development of the industry.