碳中和目标下生态草牧业的物质流分析框架与发展策略

Material flow analysis framework and development strategy of ecological grass⁃based livestock husbandry under the target of carbon neutralization

实现碳达峰、碳中和中长期目标,既是国家积极应对气候变化的责任担当,也是生态草牧业高质量发展的必然要求.草牧业作为“草⁃畜”协调发展、相互依存的有机整体,其生命周期包括从牧草种植和饲草加工,到畜牧养殖、畜产品加工和运输,再到消费、废弃物处理,均与碳排放有关.本文基于物质流分析方法,构建了全生命周期生态草牧业研究框架,分析了不同环节的碳源和碳汇特征、影响因素和存在的问题,探讨了碳中和目标下生态草牧业发展主要途径,提出草牧业高质量发展要兼顾增强草地碳汇能力、控制畜牧生产碳源、提高清洁能源利用率等生态任务,并建议组织多部门联合技术攻关和规划实施草牧业碳中和方案,为实现国家碳中和目标提供支撑.

Driven by the country’s goal of achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality and to cope with global climate change, the Grass-based Livestock Husbandry(abbreviated as GLiH) must take into account green ecology in order to achieve high-quality development.The life cycle of the GLiH starts from pasture planting and forage grass processing, to animal husbandry, livestock product processing and transportation, then to consumption and ends at waste treatment, all of which are related to carbon emissions.Based on the Material Flow Analysis(MFA),this study constructed the framework of the GLiH research, and analyzed the characteristics, influencing factors and existing problems related with carbon sources and sinks in different links.In view of the key influencing links within the GLiH research framework, some feasible approaches for the ecological development of GLiH were discussed under the carbon neutrality target, which include enhancing the carbon sink of grassland vegetation, regulating the carbon source of livestock production, and improving the efficiency of clean energy.In addition, multi-sectoral joint technical research is needed to systematically plan and advance the green and low-carbon GLiH,thus to provide support for achieving the national carbon neutral targets.