中国地方政府危机学习模式及其逻辑——基于“央地关系-议题属性”框架的多案例研究

Different Models of Learning from Crises and Their Logic:A Multi-Case Study Based on the“Central-Local Relations and Issue Attribution”Framework

危机学习是组织学习与危机管理理论融合的重要产物,被认为是推动政策变迁、提升组织绩效的“灵丹妙药”。基于地方政府危机学习的不同实践样态,根据“央地关系-议题属性”分析框架,提炼出“地方自主性”(小、中、大)和“工具性价值”(低、高)两个维度并依循理想化的类型学分析原则,可以将中国地方政府危机学习模式划分为五种类型:象征应付型、行政控制型、权益调适型、倡议引导型和自驱主动型。在此基础上,运用多案例研究方法,结合不同突发事件中的地方政府危机学习行为,对不同危机学习模式进行匹配性分析可以发现,地方政府不同危机学习模式是主体层面的“地方自主性”和客体层面的“工具性价值”在不同条件组合情境下的结果,反映出地方政府危机学习的结构性和能动性。将不同危机事件与危机学习模式联系起来,有助于超越以往简单以单一指标为划分维度的危机学习模式研究,丰富对危机学习不同样态的认识,拓展危机学习研究的理论边界。

Learning from crises is an important product of the integration of organizational learning and crisis management theory,which is regarded as an important tool to promote policy changes and improve organizational performance.Based on the different practice patterns of learning from crises by local governments,and according to the analysis framework of“central-local relations-issue attributes”,the two dimensions of“local autonomy”(small,medium and large)and“instrumental value”(high and low)are formed.And based on the idealized typology analysis,the modes of local governments learning from the crisis are divided into five types:symbolic coping type,administrative control type,rights and interests adjustment type,initiative guidance type and self-driven type.On this basis,combined with matching analysis,the multi-case study method is used to analyze government learning acts in several crisis cases.It can be found that the mode of local government learning from the crisis is the result of“local autonomy”at the subject level and“instrumental value”at the object level under different combination of conditions,reflecting the structure and initiative of local government learning from crises.Linking different crisis events with learning from crises has gone beyond the previous studies which simply divided the dimensions with a single indicator.It has enriched our understanding of different states of learning from crises and expanded the theoretical boundary of relevant research.