卵母细胞线粒体功能的研究进展

Research progresses in the functions of oocyte mitochondria

线粒体是卵母细胞中数量最丰富的细胞器。线粒体功能是决定卵母细胞质量的关键因素,而卵母细胞质量直接影响受精成败和胚胎发育的结局。线粒体是功能复杂的细胞器,除能量供应外还参与胞质内蛋白质稳态和细胞内信号通路转导等多个生物学过程。随着辅助生殖技术的不断发展,线粒体在卵子成熟及老化、早期胚胎发育等过程中的研究也越来越广泛。本文将阐述卵母细胞线粒体在卵子发生中的功能和变化,并探讨线粒体替代治疗在线粒体疾病治疗中的潜在应用。

Mitochondria are the most abundant organelles in oocytes.Successful fertilization and embryo development are heavily dependent upon inherent qualities of the oocytes,and thus reliant upon mitochondrial function of oocyte maturation.In addition to energy supply,mitochondria are multifunctional organelles that involved in many biological processes such as protein homeostasis in the cytoplasm and intracellular signaling pathways.With the development of assisted reproductive technology,more and more researches focus on the function of mitochondria on oocytes maturation,aging and pre-implantation embryonic development.In this review,we discuss the functions and changes of mitochondria during oogenesis,focusing on the consideration for therapeutic applications of mitochondrial replacement therapy in the treatment of mitochondrial diseases.