亚里士多德人工物思想的现象学阐释

The Phenomenological Explanation of Aristotle’s Theory of Artifact

亚里士多德关于其形而上学本体论主要模型“四因说”的说明与论证有两种主要方式,一是《物理学》中从人工物制作经验归纳抽象的方式,二是《形而上学》中思辨地建构本体论的方式。两者之间在内容上似乎一致,但在思想倾向上却存在着差异。因此,解读亚里士多德“四因说”也存在两种主要路径。按照形而上学的路径解读人工物,人工物的本体论根本不能成立。这正是哲学史上人工物本体论始终建立不起来,并遭到长期忽视和遗忘的重要原因之一。沿着亚里士多德《物理学》的人工物路径,以海德格尔生存论现象学为视域,并借助李章印对亚里士多德《物理学》中“四因说”的新解读,可以重新诠释亚里士多德的人工物思想。

Basically, there are two ways for explanation and demonstration of Aristotle’s “Four Causes”which is his main model of metaphysical ontology. The abstraction from the experience of artifact making in Physics is the first one, and the second is his ontological construction of speculation in Metaphysics. The two seem to be the same in content, but there are differences in ideological tendency. Therefore, there are two main ways to interpret Aristotle’s theory of “Four Causes”. If we interpret artificial objects according to the metaphysical path, the ontology of artificial objects cannot be established.This is one of the important reasons why the ontology of artificial objects has not been established in the history of philosophy and has been ignored and forgotten for a long time. Based on Aristotle’s thoughts in Physics, it can be reinterpret Aristotle’s thought of artificial objects from the perspective of Heidegger’s phenomenology of existence, with the help of Li Zhangyin’s new interpretation of “Four Causes” in Aristotle’s Physics.