算法伦理视域下的脑机接口伦理问题研究

Research on the Ethical Issues of Brain-Computer Interface from the Perspective of Algorithmic Ethics

算法伦理给脑机接口伦理问题提供了全新视角。算法的不透明性降低了人对算法和数据处理器的信任;算法的不确定性阻碍了信息可获得性和可理解性,也阻碍了信息隐私;算法的易误导特性带来了歧视问题。而算法作为驱动脑机接口的底层技术,因上述特性相应带来了安全、隐私、自我同一性、自治、责任和歧视等伦理问题。研究发现,技术层面的提高算法透明度或许存在问题,而启用算法审计和归还用户紧急制动权是必要的;非技术层面的提升编码通识水平、扩充脑机接口使用策略和重新解读责任概念和归责问题也是亟需的。

Algorithmic ethics provides a new perspective on the ethics of brain-computer interface. The opacity of algorithms reduces people’s trust in algorithms and data processors;the uncertainty of algorithms hinders the availability and understandability of information, as well as information privacy;the misleading nature of algorithms brings discrimination problems. Algorithms, as the underlying technology driving brain-computer interfaces, bring ethical issues such as security, privacy, self-identity, autonomy, responsibility, and discrimination due to the above-mentioned characteristics of algorithms. The study finds that there may be problems in improving the transparency of algorithms at the technical level, and it is necessary to enable algorithm auditing and return users’ emergency braking rights. At the non-technical level, the improvement of coding literacy, the expansion of bCI usage strategies and the reinterpretation of responsibility concepts and attribution issues are also urgently needed.