财政支出对城乡收入差距调节效应研究--来自中国省际面板的PVAR模型检验

Research on the Adjustment Effect of Fiscal Expenditure on Urban-Rural Income Gap:PVAR Model Test from Chinese Provincial Panel Data

城乡差距一直以来是中国政府持续关注的焦点,城乡收入差距过大可能造成多重经济社会问题,财政支出作为政府干预收入差距的重要宏观手段值得关注。文章基于2007—2019年省际面板数据,利用面板向量自回归(PVAR)模型,分区域考察各财政分项支出对城乡收入差距的调节效应,并因地制宜地为财政缩减城乡收入差距提供可持续建设思路。研究结果表明:财政支出中科教文卫支出占比的增加会缩减西部地区的城乡收入差距,对东部和中部地区无明显影响;财政支出中经济建设支出和社会保障支出占比的增加有利于缩减中部地区的城乡收入差距,扩大西部地区的城乡收入差距,对东部地区则无显著影响。总体而言,各财政分项支出调节城乡收入差距的脉冲响应波动情况存在着地区异质性。

The gap between urban and rural areas has always been the focus of the Chinese government’s continuous attention.Excessive income gap between urban and rural areas may cause multiple economic and social problems.As an important macro means of government intervention in income gap,fiscal expenditure deserves attention.Based on the inter provincial panel data from 2007 to 2019,this paper uses the panel vector autoregression(PVAR)model to investigate the regulatory effect of various fiscal subitems on the urban-rural income gap in different regions,and provides sustainable construction ideas for the government to reduce the urban-rural income gap according to local conditions.The results show that the increase of the proportion of science,education,culture,and health expenditure in the fiscal expenditure will reduce the income gap between urban and rural areas in the western region,and have no obvious impact on the eastern and central regions;the increase in the proportion of economic construction expenditure and social security expenditure in fiscal expenditure is conducive to reducing the urban-rural income gap in the central region and expanding the urban-rural income gap in the western region,but has no significant impact on the eastern region.In general,there is regional heterogeneity in the impulse response fluctuation of each fiscal subitem expenditure to adjust the urban-rural income gap.