不规则抗体筛查在溶血性输血不良反应预防中的应用价值

Application value of irregular antibody screening in the prevention of hemolytic transfusion reactions

目的探讨不规则抗体筛查在溶血性输血不良反应预防中的应用效果。方法200例行输血且进行不规则抗体筛查的患者作为研究组,200例同期输血且未进行不规则抗体筛查的患者作为对照组。对照组未进行不规则抗体筛查进行输血,研究组进行不规则抗体筛查后再进行输血。比较两组溶血性输血反应发生率,分析研究组不规则抗体筛查的影响因素,观察研究组不规则抗体特异性发布情况。结果研究组溶血性输血反应发生率4.00%低于对照组的10.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。阳性组女性占比87.50%、输血次数≥3次占比75.00%、有妊娠史占比50.00%、有血液疾病占比75.00%高于非阳性组的42.19%、32.29%、11.46%、15.63%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Rh血型系统中,特异性不规则抗体5例(62.50%);MNS血型系统中特异性不规则抗体3例(37.50%)。结论输血患者在输血前行不规则抗体筛查,可检出血液中不规则抗体,降低输血后溶血性输血反应的发生率,提高输血安全性,值得在临床推广应用。

Objective To discuss the application effect of irregular antibody screening in the prevention of hemolytic transfusion reactions.Methods 200 patients who underwent blood transfusion and were screened for irregular antibodies were selected as the research group,and 200 patients who received blood transfusion during the same period but were not screened for irregular antibodies were selected as the control group.The control group underwent transfusion without irregular antibody screening,and the research group underwent irregular antibody screening and then transfusion.The incidence of hemolytic transfusion reactions in the two groups was compared,the factors influencing irregular antibody screening in the research group were analyzed,and the distribution of specific irregular antibodies in the research group was observed.Results The incidence of hemolytic transfusion reaction in the research group was 4.00%,which was lower than 10.00%in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The proportion of females 87.50%,the proportion of blood transfusion frequency≥3 times 75.00%,the proportion with pregnancy history 50.00%,the proportion of blood diseases 75.00%were higher than 42.19%,32.29%,11.46%,15.63%in the non-positive group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).In the Rh blood group system,there were 5 cases(62.50%)of specific irregular antibodies;in the MNS blood group system,there were 3 cases(37.50%)of specific irregular antibodies.Conclusion Irregular antibody screening in blood transfusion patients before blood transfusion can detect irregular antibodies in blood,reduce the incidence of hemolytic transfusion reaction after blood transfusion and improve the safety of blood transfusion,which is worthy of clinical promotion and application.