基于移动监测的城市环境大气黑碳浓度空间特征及来源解析

Spatial characteristics and source apportionment of urban environmental black carbon concentrations based on mobile monitoring

黑碳(BC)是大气细颗粒物的重要组分,对全球气候变化和人体健康有重要影响。本研究以上海市闵行区为研究区域,在电动出租车上安装MA200便携式黑碳仪和GPS定位系统组成移动观测平台,识别城市环境大气BC空间分布和热点区域,解析大气BC来源及影响因素。结果表明:上海市闵行区近地面大气BC空间分布格局总体呈现北高南低的特征,大气BC浓度平均值为(4.11±4.87)μg·m^(-3),工作日与非工作日BC平均浓度分别为(4.22±1.49)和(3.52±2.26)μg·m^(-3)。大气BC浓度高值区变异性较大,移动观测中BC浓度升高与路段中交通偶发事件有关。除人类活动外,大范围的密集植被会对BC扩散产生抑制作用。波长吸收指数值为(0.82±0.54),更接近化石燃料燃烧波长吸收指数,化石燃料排放、生物质燃烧和混合源对于本研究中BC来源的贡献占比分别为67.5%、4.9%和27.6%。

Black carbon(BC) is an important component of airborne fine particulate matter, with significant impacts on global climate change and human health. Taking Minhang District of Shanghai as the study area, a microaethalometer(MA200) and GPS were installed on the electric taxi to form a mobile observation platform to identify the spatial distribution and hot spots of atmospheric BC in urban environment. We analyzed the sources and influencing factors of BC. The results showed that the overall characteristics of the spatial distribution pattern of near surface atmospheric BC in Minhang District of Shanghai were high in the north and low in the south. The average BC concentration was(4.11±4.87) μg·m. The average concentrations of BC in working days and non-working days were(4.22±1.49) and(3.52±2.26) μg·m. The variability of BC concentration in the high value area was large, indicating that the increases of BC concentration in mobile observation were related to traffic accidents in the road section. In addition to human activities, large-scale dense vegetation might inhibit BC diffusion. The Absorption angstrom Exponent(AAE) was(0.82±0.54), which was closer to that of fossil fuel combustion. The contributions of fossil fuel emissions, biomass combustion, and mixed sources to BC sources were 67.5%, 4.9% and 27.6%, respectively.