家庭再叙事与教育资本化——微观视角下县域城镇化兴起的家庭、制度与空间

RE-NARRATION THROUGH FAMILY RATIONALITY AND THE CAPITALIZATION OF EDUCATION: A MICRO PERSPECTIVE OF FAMILIES, INSTITUTIONS, AND SPACE DURING COUNTY URBANIZATION

县域城镇化兴起是当前中国城镇化转型的一个缩影,家庭视角的引入为城镇化分析提供了微观思路。首先,辨析家庭概念的中西方差异以提出中国家庭迁移的分析框架,进而对改革开放以来的中国城镇化进行再叙事,指出县域城镇化是家庭理性之于当前转型环境的必然响应。家庭理性的“教育转向”与县域人口增长的资源极化共同诱致了义务教育资本化,也重构了县域空间增长逻辑。以浙江省桐庐县为实证对象,论述了其城镇化进程中的资源极化、家庭响应、制度设计与空间表征,提出县域城镇化兴起可能实现代际流动中的空间锚定,形成“祖-父-孙”与“乡-县-城”的三元结构,同时警示教育资本化可能引发的县域绅士化风险,为后续县域规划建设提供相应建议。

County urbanization represents a microcosm of urbanization transformation in current China.The introduction of family perspective provides micro-level thinking for the analysis of urbanization.First,this article clarifies the concept of family in Chinese through comparative analysis and establishes an analysis framework of China’s family migration.Based on the re-narration of urbanization process in post-reform China through family rationality,this article points out that people flowing into counties could be regarded as the inevitable response under the current transitional environment.Meanwhile,the rising demand for education caused by family rationality and the resource polarization during the county urbanization jointly promoted the capitalization of education,which also reshaped the spatial growth of counties.Taking Tonglu County in Zhejiang Province as the empirical case,this article demonstrates the resource polarization,family response,institution design,and space representation in the process of county urbanization.Finally,it is proposed that the urbanization of counties may realize spatial anchoring effect in intergenerational mobility and form an urban-rural ternary structure of “grandfather-father-grandson” and “township-county-city”.Meanwhile,it also warns of the risks of county gentrification that may arise from the capitalization of education,and provides appropriate advice for subsequent county planning and construction.