俄罗斯域外文学(1920-1940)年轻一代关于“自我存在价值”的两类思考

Two Types of Thinking about the Self-existence Value in the Russian Overseas Literature of the Young Generation(1920-1940)

上世纪20-40年代,一批出生于20世纪初的年轻作家登上俄罗斯域外文学的舞台。在特殊的流亡历史背景下,他们的作品浸透着对自我存在价值的反思。一方面,以加兹达诺夫与波普拉夫斯基等人为代表的一批年轻作家致力于揭示现实生活的残酷,并以此凸显个体承担灾难的勇气与不惧死亡的崇高人格;另一方面,纳博科夫等人强调艺术想象力的作用,它令个体在生活的不幸中发现幸福,从对外在环境的附庸者转变为自为的创造者,令其变得独一无二。这种特殊性将人从集体中分离,标志并定义了“我是谁”。

In the 1920s to 1940s, a group of young writers who were were born at the beginning of the twentieth century stepped onto the stage of Russian Overseas Literature.In the special historical context of exile, their works are imbued with reflections on the meaning of self-existence, which are mainly presented as two kinds. Among them, Gazdanov,Poplavsky and others write about the cruelty of real life and, in this way, highlight the courage of individuals to bear disasters and their noble character without fear of death. On the other hand, Nabokov and others emphasize the role of artistic imagination, which enables individuals to find happiness in the misfortunes of life, transforming them from subservient to external circumstances into self-made creators, and making them unique. This particularity separates the person from the collective, marks and defines “who I am”.