俄罗斯诗学关键词:象征的现实主义

Keywords in Russian Poetics: Symbolic Realism

本文致力于探寻20世纪下半叶理论和文学思想以及俄罗斯散文的艺术方法的更新,旨在研究一种新型的现实主义:象征的现实主义。它在俄罗斯散文中形成,但在文学理论和文学史中没有得到恰当的理解。作者的任务包括研究20世纪下半叶经典作家阿斯塔菲耶夫、拉斯普京、舒克申等人的象征的现实主义。事实证明,与白银时代的象征主义不同,象征的现实主义完全基于尘世现实并由与真实现实相关的形象—象征所主导。在这种思维体系中形成的形象—象征作为“艺术作品的极限单位,具有整体的结构特性”(В.В.维诺格拉多夫语)。本文专门论证了新型的现实主义中形象—象征的本质,并通过形象—象征范例考察了俄罗斯文学中象征的现实主义之起源和形成。

The article is devoted to the search for the renewal of the artistic method in theoretical and literary thought and Russian prose of the second half of the twentieth century. The purpose of the article is to study a new kind of realism that has been formed in Russian prose, but has not received proper understanding in the theory and history of literature: the symbolic realism. The author’s task includes a study of symbolic realism of such classics of the second half of the twentieth century as V. Astafyev, V. Rasputin, V. Shukshin, etc. It is proved that, unlike, for example, the symbolism of the Silver Age, the symbolic realism is dominated by an image-symbol based on completely earthly realities and correlated with real reality. The image-symbol formed in such a system of thinking manifests itself as “the ultimate unit of an artistic work, which... carries the structural properties of the whole”(V. V. Vinogradov).A special section of the article is devoted to the proof of the essence of the imagesymbol in a new type of realism. Its origins and formation in Russian literature are investigated by the example of a separate image-symbol.