深圳城市宜居性评价及影响因素分析

Evaluation of Urban Livability and Analysis of Influencing Factors in Shenzhen

本文通过从经济、人文、安全、生活、交通及环境6个方面中选取38项具体指标,建构形成了评价深圳是否符合宜居性标准的指标体系,引入熵值法、ArcGIS空间分析法,对2017年深圳城市10个辖区的宜居性及影响因素进行探究。结果表明:第一,深圳城市宜居性综合水平整体较高,呈现“由中心城区向两翼降低”的空间格局,即以福田区、南山区、罗湖区为中心,向东西两翼降低的分布格局。第二,各单项指标的地域分异与综合水平的地域分异存在差异,不同辖区在不同准则层指标下的宜居水平具有明显差异,有其各自的优势与不足。第三,深圳城市宜居性空间特征与地区历史发展惯性、区位条件、发展政策、规划力量以及市场等因素紧密相关。

This paper constructs an objective evaluation index system of Shenzhen’s urban livability from 6 dimensions and 38 indicators,including economic,humanities,security,life,transportation and environment.Entropy method and ArcGIS spatial analysis method are introduced to explore the livability and influencing factors of 10 districts in Shenzhen in 2017.The results show that:First,the overall level of urban livability in Shenzhen is high,showing a spatial pattern of“decreasing from the central city to the two wings”,that is,a distribution pattern with Futian District,Nanshan District and Luohu District as the center and decreasing to the east and west wings.Second,there are differences between the regional differentiation of individual indicators and the regional differentiation of comprehensive level,and the livability level of different jurisdictions under different criteria level indicators has obvious differences,with their own advantages and disadvantages.Third,the spatial characteristics of livability in Shenzhen are closely related to the historical development inertia,location conditions,development policies,planning forces and market factors.