列宁关于十月革命文化阙如问题的理论回应与实践型构

Lenin's Theoretical Response and Practical Structure on the Lack of Culture of the October Revolution

十月革命是俄国人民在20世纪特殊条件下自觉选择历史前进方向的一次伟大尝试,它既创造性地发展了马克思主义,也开创了文化落后国家进行社会主义革命的先河。但在十月革命前,围绕俄国进行十月革命文化阙如问题产生了分歧和论争:普列汉诺夫、考茨基、托洛茨基等人从一定阶级文化要素积累能够为一定阶级革命准备条件的教条出发,固守俄国十月革命缺乏必要文化前提和暴力革命必然造成技术及文化破坏的逻辑,进而否定其他条件或因素对十月革命爆发的重要作用,这显然是对马克思主义革命辩证法的背弃。然而,列宁从分析十月革命与战争相连的特殊性、十月革命迫切任务的特殊性、十月革命工农联合的特殊性出发,提出了"政治革命是文化革命先导"的重要理论,并以此为逻辑,型构了文化革命复兴俄国的实践框架。

The October Revolution is a great attempt by the Russian people to consciously choose the direction of historical progress under the special conditions of the 20th century.It not only creatively developed Marxism,but also created a precede nt for socialist revolution in culturally backward countries.However,before the October Revolution,there were differences and debates on the lack of culture of October Revolution around Russia.Starting from dogma that accumulation of cultural elements of a class can prepare conditions for a class revolution,Plekhanov,Kautsky and Trotsky firmly adhered to the lack of necessary cultural premise of the October Revolution and logic that violent revolution will inevitably cause the technological and cultural destruction.And further deny the important role of other conditions or factors in the outbreak of the October Revolution,which is obviously a betrayal of Marxist revolutionary dialectics.However,Lenin started from the analysis of the nature of the connection between the October Revolution and the war,the nature of the urgent task of the October Revolution,and the nature of the industrial and agricultural union of the October Revolution.He put forward the important theory that“political revolution is the forerunner of cultural revolution”.At the same time,he also took this as logic to construct the practical framework of the Cultural Revolution to revive Russia.