细胞内脂滴的生命周期和功能

The Life Cycle and Function of Intracellular Lipid Droplets

脂滴(lipid droplets,LDs)是由单层磷脂包裹中性脂质的油状液滴,起源于内质网,在胞浆中膨胀变大,最后发生LDs分解,释放游离脂肪酸为细胞发挥正常生理功能提供物质基础,因而被称为是一种可调节细胞内脂质稳态的细胞器。LDs通过表面众多的脂滴相关蛋白实现储存能量及疏水物质、蛋白质周转、阻止细胞应激以及调节细胞免疫等生理功能。新近研究表明,LDs代谢异常与肥胖、2型糖尿病、非酒精性脂肪肝病等代谢性疾病的发生发展紧密相关。本文主要阐述了LDs的生命周期和功能及其分子基础,以期为研发针对LDs为靶点的防治代谢性疾病的药物提供参考。

Lipid droplets(LDs)are oily droplets of neutral lipids encapsulated by a single layer of phospholipids.LDs,known as an organelle that regulate lipid homeostasis of intracellular lipids,originate from the endoplasmic reticulum,expand in the cytoplasm,and finally undergo lipolysis or lipophagy to release free fatty acids,which provide essential materials for cells.LDs,along with lipid droplet-related proteins on the surface of LDs,perform important physiological functions,including storage of energy and hydrophobic substances,turnover of proteins,prevention of cellular stress,and regulation of immune response.Recently,abnormal metabolism of LDs has been shown to be closely related to the occurrence and development of metabolic diseases such as obesity,type II diabetes,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.In this review,we described the life cycle and functions of LDs and their corresponding molecular basis,providing a reference for the development of LDs-targeted drugs for preventing and treating metabolic diseases.