2019—2020年茂名博贺新港区病媒生物调查

Investigation on medical vectors at Maoming-Bohe port from 2019 to 2020

目的了解茂名博贺新港区鼠类、蚊类和蜚蠊的种群构成、季节消长,以及鼠类的体表寄生虫和携带病原体情况,为进一步制定有效的防制措施提供依据。方法2019年12月—2020年11月,采用鼠笼法捕鼠,对捕获的鼠类进行分类鉴定和染蚤调查,并用实时荧光PCR法检测鼠疫耶尔森菌和汉坦病毒核酸;用二氧化碳诱蚊灯捕蚊;蜚蠊监测采用粘捕法。结果鼠类以臭鼩鼱为优势种,占65.50%(97/148),鼠体蚤主要为印鼠客蚤,平均染蚤率为16.90%,鼠疫耶尔森菌和汉坦病毒核酸检测均为阴性。成蚊以致倦库蚊为优势种,占69.44%(5044/7264);蜚蠊以美洲大蠊为优势种,占61.21%(71/116)。鼠、蚊、蜚蠊的年平均密度分别为8.28%、8.39只/灯、1.81只/张。鼠、蚊、蜚蠊全年均有活动,其中鼠和蜚蠊出现两个明显的活动高峰,分别为1月和8月,11月和6月;蚊类活动高峰在8月。结论持续开展病媒生物监测,及时掌握其变化规律,有助于防止虫媒传染病的发生。

Objective To know the population composition and seasonal population variation of rodents,mosquitoes and cockroaches,ectoparasites and pathogens carried by rodents in Bohe port,Maoming,and to provide basis for making effective preventive measures.Methods From December 2019 to November 2020,rodents were captured by the rat-cages and classified for flea infection,Yersinia pestis and Hantavirus were detected by Real-time fluorescent PCR.The mosquitoes and cockroaches were captured by trap-lamps and sticky-traps.Results The dominant rodent species was Suncus murinus,accounted for 65.50%(97/148),the dominant fles on rodents was Xenopsylla cheopis,the average flea rate was 16.90%.The nucleic acid detection of Yersinia pestis and Hantavirus were all negative.Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus was the dominant species of adult mosquitoes,accounted for 69.44%(5044/7264).Periplaneta americana was the dominant species of Blatta,accounted for 61.21%(71/116).The annual average density of rats,mosquitoes and cockroaches were 8.28%,8.39/lamp,and 1.81/sheet,respectively.The rodents,mosquitoes and cockroaches active in all year round,rodents and cockroaches had two obvious activity peaks,which was in January and August,November and June,respectively.The activity peak of mosquitoes was in August.Conclusion Continuously surveillance of medical vectors and mastering their active regulations will contribute to prevent the occurrence of vectors-borne infectious diseases.