生长素代谢、运输及信号转导调控水稻粒型研究进展

Advances in the Regulation of Rice(Oryza sativa)Grain Shape by Auxin Metabolism,Transport and Signal Transduction

水稻(Oryza sativa)是世界主要粮食作物。随着我国经济飞速发展,耕地面积逐年减少,提高水稻总产量唯有依靠单产的增加。粒重是决定水稻产量的重要因素之一,其遗传稳定,受外界环境因素影响较小。粒重由粒型和灌浆程度决定,而粒型性状包括粒长、粒宽、粒厚和长宽比。水稻种子颖壳和胚乳发育决定了粒型和粒重,颖壳细胞的增殖和扩张限制籽粒发育,胚乳占据成熟种子的大部分体积。而生长素调控受精后颖壳和胚乳的发育,是调控种子发育和影响水稻产量的重要植物激素。生长素的时空分布受生长素代谢、运输和信号转导的动态调节,以维持生长素在种子发育中的最适水平。该文综述了生长素代谢、运输和信号转导调控水稻粒型的研究进展,以期为深入探究生长素调控水稻粒型发育机制和提高水稻产量提供线索。

Rice(Oryza sativa)is a major food crop in the world.The optimization and utilization of the major yield-determining factors are important for increasing yield potential.Among these factors,seed weight is one of the most important factors determining rice production.The heritability of rice grain weight is stable,which is largely unaffected by environmental factors.Grain weight depends on grain shape,which is determined by grain length,grain width,and grain thickness,and the degree of grain filling.The growth of rice glumes and seed endosperm determines the grain shape and weight.The proliferation and expansion of glume cells affect grain development,and endosperm occupies most of the volume of mature seeds.Auxin is an important plant hormone that affects rice yield,which regulates the development of glume and endosperm after fertilization.The spatial-temporal distribution of active auxin is dynamically modulated by auxin metabolism,auxin transport and signal transduction,all of which maintain auxin at the optimal level for seed development.Here we reviewed the research progress of auxin pathways regulating rice grain shape from three aspects,auxin metabolism,auxin transport and auxin signal transduction,to provide clues for exploring the auxin regulation mechanism of grain shape and improve yield in rice.