“证据推理”在高考化学试题(全国卷)中的考查特点

Analysis on Characteristics of“Evidence Reasoning”in Recent Five Years College Entrance Examination of Chemistry(National Test Papers)

基于《普通高中化学课程标准(2017年版2020年修订)》提出的化学学科核心素养中“证据推理”的内涵及相关研究,将“证据推理”化学学科核心素养进一步解构为“证据解读”“证据与结论的关系”“证据评估”等3个要素,并将证据按其呈现形式划分为反应机理、实验数据、工艺流程和实验方案等4种类型,在此基础上构建了“证据推理”视角下的试题分析框架,并以近5年高考化学试题(全国卷)为研究对象,总结其考查特点与规律,进而为改进化学教学提出相关建议。

Based on the connotation and related research of“evidence reasoning”in the core literacy of chemistry subject proposed in the Curriculum Standards for General High School Chemistry(2017 Edition and 2020 Revision),the core literacy of“evidence reasoning”was further deconstructed into three elements:“interpretation of evidence”“relationship between evidence and conclusion”“evaluation of evidence”,and the evidence according to its present form was also divided into reaction mechanism,experimental data,technological process,and experimental scheme.According to the constructed framework of“evidence reasoning”for test analysis,the characteristics of the tests of college entrance examination of chemistry(from the national test papers)in recent five years were analyzed,and some proposals for improving chemistry teaching were also put forward.