云南省稀土矿分布特征、研究进展与展望

Prospect,Research Progress and Distribution Characteristics of Rare Earth Minerals in Yunnan Province

目前,云南已形成了以离子吸附型稀土矿为主,砂矿型、伴生型、沉积型稀土矿为辅的稀土矿床分布格局。95%以上离子吸附型稀土矿分布于北纬26°以南腾冲-盈江-陇川和临沧-勐海-带岩浆岩分布区,成矿母岩以燕山期和喜马拉雅期的二长花岗岩为主;砂矿型稀土矿主要分布于勐海与金平-带山间盆地;伴生型稀土矿主要产于滇中地区沉积磷块岩矿床和铁氧化物-铜-金型(IOCG)铁铜矿床。腾冲花岗岩带与临沧花岗岩带La,Y异常分布区是寻找离子吸附型稀土矿最有利区域,特别是已发现矿床(点)外围区域;滇中-滇东北地区沉积磷块岩矿床、IOCG型铁铜矿床伴生的稀土资源潜力巨大,今后开采过程中应注意对稀土元素综合利用,同时应注意矿床开采后的尾砂、废弃物是否有稀土元素富集;滇东北宣威组粘土岩分布区具有与贵州赫章-威宁地区沉积型稀土多金属矿相似的成矿条件,其稀土找矿潜力巨大,沉积型稀土多金属矿有望成为中国三稀矿产资源新的来源。在今后地质工作中应加强矿床成矿规律、选冶工艺方面的研究,完善与健全矿床评价体系。

At present,the distribution pattern of rare earth deposits in Yunnan Province is dominated by ion-ad⁃sorption type REE deposits,supplemented by placer,associated and sedimentary type rare earth deposits.More than 95%of the ion-adsorption type REE deposits are distributed in the Tengchong-Yingjiang-Longchuan and Lincang-Menghai magmatic rock distribution areas south of 26°N latitude,and the ore-forming parent rocks are mainly Yanshanian and Himalayan monzogranite.The placer-type rare earth deposits are mainly distributed in the mountain basins of Menghai and Jinping.The associated rare earth deposits mainly occur in the sedimentary phosphorite deposits and IOCG type iron-copper deposits in central Yunnan.The La and Y anomaly distribution areas of Tengchong and Lincang granite belts are the most favorable areas to search for ion-adsorption type REE deposits,especially the peripheral areas of found deposits(points).There is a great potential of REE resources associated with the sedimentary phosphorite deposits and IOCG type iron-copper deposits in central and north⁃eastern Yunnan.In the future mining process,the attention should be paid to the comprehensive utilization of REE,and whether the tailings and wastes after mining of the deposits are enriched with REE.The Xuanwei group claistone distribution area in northeast Yunnan has similar metallogenic conditions to the Hezhang-Weining area in Guizhou,and the sedimentary rare earth polymetallic deposits have great prospecting potential,it's ex⁃pected to become a new source of rare earth mineral resources in China.It is necessary to strengthen the re⁃search on ore-forming regularity,beneficiation and smelting technology,and perfect the evaluation system of ore deposits in the future geological work.