黄河流域农业高质量发展中水土资源优化配置研究

STUDY ON THE OPTIMAL ALLOCATION OF WATER AND LAND RESOURCES UNDER HIGH-QUALITY AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN YELLOW RIVER BASIN

[目的]推进黄河流域农业高质量发展是实现黄河流域高质量发展的重点任务,也是破题之举。水资源利用较为粗放、农业用水效率不高是黄河流域农业高质量发展的最大制约,也是推进黄河流域农业高质量发展亟待破解的问题。[方法]文章基于水资源刚性约束的现实条件,将水资源作为内生要素纳入柯布-道格拉斯生产函数,构建“以水定土、以土量水”的水土资源优化模型,运用黄河流域西北干旱区1933份农户实地调研数据,实证分析不同配水方案及水价情景下,农作物种植面积的调整策略。[结果]研究表明,黄河流域农业生产具有较大节水空间;调整配水方案,配水量向具有水资源利用比较优势的作物倾斜,有利于提高收益及水资源利用率;调节水价,增加用水成本,有助于抑制不合理用水需求,实现农业节水目标。[结论]黄河流域农业水土资源优化配置应坚持“以水而定、量水而行”,推进水资源节约集约利用;完善水资源定价机制,抑制不合理用水需求;坚持生态优先,大力推进农业节水,推动设施农业发展,适度调减农作物种植面积,为生态用水提供更大的空间。黄河流域农业发展不应以规模论英雄,而是侧重向技术、管理、质量要效益,走质量兴农、绿色兴农、品牌强农的农业高质量发展之路。

To promote high-quality agricultural development in Yellow River Basin plays a key role in the process to achieve high-quality development in Yellow River Basin.It is the extensive and inefficiency of the water resources utilization,which is an urgent issue to be addressed,that is the main bottleneck to advance the high-quality agriculture development in Yellow River Basin.In our study,based on the rigid constraints of water resources in the realistic condition,to establish the optimized model of water and cropland resources that water resources as endogenous variable embed in the Cobb Douglas production function,which was named"determining arable land by water supply and measuring water resources benefit by cropland production".Based on the 1933 sample survey data,empirical analysis showed the adjustment strategy of the crop planting structure under the simulations of different water resources distribution schemes and water price scenarios.The research findings showed there was a greater water-saving space in agricultural sector in Yellow River Basin.The amount of water resources distribution should be allocated to the crop with comparative advantages in water resource utilization,which was conducive to improving revenue and water resource efficiency.Although raising water prices could increase water costs,it would reduce unreasonable water demand and to achieve the goal of water saving in agricultural sector.In summary,the recommendation of optimal allocation of water and land resources in Yellow River Basin should adhere to the principle of"determining arable land by water supply and measuring water resources benefit by cropland production",strengthening water resources conservation,and improving the water pricing mechanism to reduce unreasonable water demand,enhancing facility agriculture,moderately reducing the area of arable land to provide more space for ecological water demand.The priority of agricultural development in Yellow River Basin should focus on benefiting from technology,management,and quality not the scale,and take the road of high-quality agricultural development that promotes agriculture through quality,green agriculture,and brand-strengthening agriculture.