农村老年人劳动参与率提升的主导因素研究——基于CHARLS数据的研判

STUDY ON THE LEADING FACTORS OF RURAL ELDERLY LABOR PARTICIPATION RATE——RESEARCH AND JUDGMENT BASED ON CHARLS DATA

[目的]农村老年人劳动参与率的提升有助于补充农村劳动力的短缺和促进农业农村发展。[方法]文章基于中国健康与养老追踪(CHARLS)2018年全国基线调查数据,运用二元Logistic回归和ISM解释结构模型,研究了农村老年人劳动参与率提升的主导因素。[结果]通过解析出的农村老年人劳动参与意愿的影响因素及其机理可发现,在影响农村老年人劳动参与意愿的9个显著因素中,是否给予子女经济支持是直接表层因素,是否有子女经济支持、是否给予父母经济支持、婚姻状况、性别、是否有自主收入以及自评健康为中层间接因素,是否有养老金和是否有医疗保险是深层根源因素。[结论]经济需要是农村老年人劳动参与的主流原因,养老金和医疗保险对农村老年人健康具有重要保障作用,从而从根源上提升了农村老年人的劳动参与率。在此基础上提出了从养老保险和医疗保险两方面强化对农村老年人的基础保障等建议。

The increase of labor participation rate of the rural elderly helps to supplement the rural labor force which is in great shortage and promote the development of agriculture and rural areas.Based on the data of national baseline survey by China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS)in 2018,this paper aims to study the leading factors underlying the continuous increase in labor participation rate of the rural elderly with binary Logistic regression and ISM interpretative structure model.Through the analyses of the influencing factors and mechanism of the willingness of the rural elderly to participate in labor,it can be found whether to give children economic support was a direct surface factor among the nine significant factors affecting the willingness of the rural elderly to participate in labor.The middle indirect factors included financial support from children,financial support for parents,marital status,gender,independent income and self-rated health condition,while medical insurance and endowment insurance were the deep root factors.It concludes that economic needs are the leading factors underlying the labor participation of the rural elderly.Endowment insurance and medical insurance play an important role in guaranteeing the health of the rural elderly,thus improving the labor participation rate of the rural elderly from the root.Based on the analyses,some suggestions are put forward to strengthen the basic security of the rural elderly from two aspects:endowment insurance and medical insurance.