基于四管双向变换器的退役电池组有源快速均衡方法

Active Fast Equalization Method for Retired Battery Pack Based on Four Switch Bidirectional Converter

该文提出一种用于梯次利用电池组的高效快速的有源均衡电路及其控制策略。首先,通过四管双向变换器,将退役电池组中不平衡电池能量传递至由超级电容构成的能量中转单元,然后,再由变换器将超级电容中的能量分配至电池组中能量较低的电池单元,实现串联电池组的平衡。四管双向变换器的4个主开关管工作在同步整流的工作模式,在实现能量双向流动的同时,保证变换器本身具有较高的能量转换效率;采用K-Means聚类均衡算法对退役电池组中不相邻的单体电池优先进行均衡,然后再对电池组内部“电池簇”进行均衡,实现梯次利用电池组的高效快速均衡。为验证所提均衡方法的有效性,在MATLAB/Simulink软件中进行软件仿真,并搭建实验平台对6节串联梯次电池进行均衡实验。实验结果表明,与传统的电池均衡方法相比,该方法具有更短的均衡时间以及更高的均衡效率。

This paper proposed an efficient and fast active equalization circuit and its control strategy for echelon use of battery pack.The unbalanced battery energy in the retired battery pack was transferred to the energy transfer unit composed of super capacitors through the four-switch bidirectional converter,and then the energy in the super capacitor was distributed by the converter to the battery cells with lower energy in the battery pack to achieve the balance of battery packs connected in series.The main switches of the four-switch bidirectional converter worked in the synchronous rectification mode.While realizing the bidirectional flow of energy,the converter itself had a high energy conversion efficiency.The K-Means clustering algorithm was used to analyze the retired battery.The non-adjacent single cells in the group were firstly balanced,and then the adjacent “battery clusters” within the battery group were balanced,so as to realize the efficient and fast balancing of the battery packs in echelon use.In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed equalization method,software simulation was carried out in MATLAB/Simulink software,and an experimental platform was built to perform equalization experiments on 6 series battery cells.Experimental results show that,compared with the traditional battery balancing method,this method has shorter balancing time and higher balancing efficiency.