城市外来劳动力市场上的农业户籍歧视:时空变化特征及影响因素

Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Discrimination against Rural Household in China's Urban Migrant Labour Market and Its Influencing Factors

立足于中国户籍制度长期存续及城乡二元结构长期分割的现实背景,农业户籍作为一种负面“标签”,在信息不对称情况下,会引致城市外来劳动力市场上的农业户籍歧视。基于2011—2017年全国流动人口动态监测调查数据(CMDS),用Oaxaca-Blinder分解法计算历年全国层面的农业户籍歧视度,发现中国城市外来劳动力市场上对农村劳动力的工资歧视仍普遍存在,但呈下降趋势,这与户籍制度改革的推进密切相关。利用中国“城乡统一户口登记制度”实施的社会准实验,通过对“农转居”和“非农业”群体之间的工资差进行分解,发现农业户籍歧视会随着“农业户籍”标记的去除而大幅降低。将新型人力资本特征变量“社会关系”和“流动时长”纳入歧视分析模型,发现信息不对称的缓解能够削弱农业户籍歧视度。异质性分析揭示出,不同类别农业户籍流动人口遭受的歧视存在显著差异,特别是劳动力市场越规范化、农村流动人口占比越高、并且与城市流动人口竞争关系越弱的岗位,农业户籍歧视度明显更低。

Based on the persistence of China's household registration system and the long-term division of the urban-rural dual structure,it is argued in the framework of information economics that rural household,as a negative stereotype,leads to the discrimination against rural household in the urban migrant labour market under information asymmetry.Based on the data of China Migrants Dynamic Survey(CMDS)from 2011-2017,the Oaxaca-Blinder model is used to calculate the degree of discrimination against rural household migrant at the national level over the years,and it is found that wage discrimination against rural household migrant in China's urban migrant labour market is still prevalent.In.general,bukou-based labor market discrimination in China has been declining,which is closely linked to the household registration system reform by the Chinese governmerit.Using a social quasi-experiment implemented under China's Unified Urban-Rural Hukou Registration System Reform,this study finds when the visible label of rural hukou("户口")is removed the salary difference caused by hukou-based labor market discrimination decreases sharply.Moreover,by incorporating the new human capital characteristics ce social relations and"migration experience"into the discrimination analysis model,it is found that the reduction of information asymmetry can weaken the degree of discrimination against rural household migrant.Last,there are various heterogeneity in bukou-based labor market discrimination at national level.In particular,the more regulated the labour market is,the higher the proportion of rural migrants and the less competitive it is with urban migrants,the less discriminatory bukou-abor market is.