法律之外的秩序:土地的“习惯性利益”及其治理--基于两个社区的讨论

The Order outside of the Law:"Habitual Interests"in Land and Its Governance--Based on Discussion of Two Communities

土地的习惯性利益是一种非法的但却得到社会系统支持的利益。从产生来看,习惯性利益的产生主要是利益主体的习惯认知、其他利益主体默认和国家干预力量的缺位三方面因素所导致。在一种“产权的幻觉”下,利益主体长期占有了土地的使用权和收益。然而,随着时间的推移,一方面利益主体所享有的利益的量在不断增加,另一方面利益主体对该利益的占有又会损害其他人的利益。由此,围绕着习惯性利益的共识逐渐丧失,其他利益主体打破这一不合法利益习惯的愿望日益迫切,社会冲突便由此产生。为了避免可能的社会冲突,国家必须通过一种积极性的权力干预及时建立起土地利益的法治秩序,推动法治社会的形成。

The habitual interests of land is an illegal one, but is supported by the social system. The habitual interests are originated chiefly from three factors, i.e., the habitual cognition of the interests parties, the tacit consent of the other interests parties, and the state power intervention. Under the “ illusion of property rights”, the interests parties have occupied servitude and revenue of the land in a long run. However, with time passing, the quantity of interests of the interests parties, on the one hand, is continuously increased,and the interests, on the other hand, negatively influenced the realization of the other parties’ interests.Therefore, the consensus around habitual interests is gradually dismissing, resulting in the increasingly urgent wish to break this illegal habit for interests of the other interests parties, and to bring about a great many clashes. In order to avoid the possible social clashes, the state must timely build up a legal order of land interests through an active power intervention.