刑法谦抑性原则的价值定位与规范化构造--以刑民关系为切入点

The Value Orientation and Standardized Construction of the Principle of Modesty in Criminal Law--Take the Criminal-civilian Relationship as the Starting Point

作为现代刑法的表征,刑法谦抑性原则对于刑法的调控范围、价值取向、理论体系都有重要指导作用。然而,理论和实践层面对于刑法谦抑性原则的认识并未达成一致,甚至存在纰缪与偏差,因而需要对刑法谦抑性原则进行规范化构造,明确刑法谦抑性原则的作用程度,还原刑法谦抑性原则的价值取向,使刑法谦抑性原则融合法律规则针对性、确定性、实操性的特征。对刑法谦抑性原则进行规范化构造,需在厘清法域冲突基本类型的基础上,全面考虑刑法与民法在违法性评价层面与利益保护范围划定层面的矛盾根源,在违法性评价层面,民事上合法的行为可以作为违法阻却事由,阻却行为的刑事违法性;但行为具有民事违法性不能直接作为认定行为具有刑事违法性的依据。在利益保护范围划定层面,当刑法与民法保护利益重合时,对民法不予保护的利益,刑法也不得予以保护;当刑法与民法保护利益不重合时,应承认刑法保护利益的独立性。

As a representation of modern criminal law,the principle of modesty in criminal law plays an important guiding role in the scope of regulation,value orientation and theoretical system of criminal law.However,the theory and practice have not reached a consensus on the principle of modesty in criminal law,and there are even flaws and deviations.Therefore,it is necessary to standardize the principle of modesty in criminal law,clarify the role of the principle of modesty in criminal law,and restore the modesty of criminal law.The value orientation of the principle of restraint makes the principle of restraint in criminal law integrate the characteristics of pertinence,certainty and practicality of legal rules.Standardizing the principle of modesty in criminal law is helpful for judicial adjudicators to properly handle the relationship between problem thinking and system thinking,and the relationship between criminal law stability and individual case legitimacy in.the face of criminal-civilian conflicts,so as to maintain legal integrity,authority and stability.To standardize the principle of modesty in criminal law,on the basis of clarifying the basic types of jurisprudential conflicts,it is necessary to comprehensively consider the sources of conflicts between criminal law and civil law in the evaluation of illegality and the delineation of the scope of interest protection.The level and the scope of interest protection are delimited,and the standardized rules of the principle of modesty in criminal law are constructed,so that the principle of modesty in criminal law can guide the characterization of cases in judicial practice under the concept of the unity of legal order.