从罗伊案到推翻罗伊案:全球视野中的堕胎权争议(1973-2022)

From Roe to Dobbs: Right to Abortion in Global Perspectives(1973-2022)

美国最高法院2022年推翻罗伊案,不但否定了美国宪法中的堕胎权,也标志着全球范围内堕胎权的发展进入了一个历史节点。罗伊案开创了世界上堕胎问题权利化和宪法化的历史进程,并与同时代限制堕胎权的德国宪法判决,构成了其他国家法院处理堕胎问题的参考模型。当代各国堕胎法在经历了宪法化变革之后,可分为三种模式:分期模式、指征模式和劝告模式。但在立法和判决之外,堕胎权的具体落实仍需社会和国家的支持和投入。在经历了半个世纪的权利化和宪法化之后,堕胎问题回归到了其宪法化之前的本来性质,即公共卫生和社会政策问题。

The US Supreme Court’s decision to overruled Roe in 2022,denying the constitutional right to abortion in American law, marks a critical, historical node in the course of global development of women’s right to abortion.Roe,decided in 1973,has led the historical process of the legalization and constitutionalization of abortion in many jurisdictions, and along with the German constitutional decision restricting abortion rights at the same time, it constituted a reference model for courts in other countries and regions to deal with abortion issues.After constitutionalization and legal reform, abortion law in multiple countries can be divided into three ideal types: periodization mode, indication mode, and advice mode.However, in addition to legislative provisions and court judgments in paper, the concrete implementation of the right to abortion still needs the support and input of society and the state.After almost 50 years of constitutionalization, abortion has returned to its original nature before constitutionalization, that is, an issue of public health and social policies.