“蒙氏妈妈”与“蒙氏育婴师”:育儿知识的本土市场化研究

“Montessori Mothers” and “Montessori Educators”: Local Marketization of Parenting Knowledges

不同于以往关注育儿实践的母职研究和关注全球化的育儿知识传播研究,本文通过“本土市场化”这一框架来分析不同阶层的母亲在与蒙台梭利育儿知识的互动中所形成的不同主体,以及她们在本土情境中对蒙台梭利育儿知识的吸纳和运用情况。本文发现,不同阶层的女性在“激烈的教育竞争”和“兴起的育儿市场”所构成的本土社会经济环境中,从自身不同的经验出发,对来自西方的蒙台梭利育儿知识进行部分吸纳和利用,形成了两种不同的主体:城市中产女性形成矛盾和焦虑的“蒙氏妈妈”主体,农村务工女性则形成“不专业”的“蒙氏育婴师”主体。前者通过社群支持和“选择性吸纳”蒙氏育儿知识来缓解自己的矛盾和焦虑,而后者则通过“工具性使用”蒙氏育儿知识来完成工作和促进家庭发展。二者的回应策略也成为以蒙台梭利为代表的西方育儿知识本土化的重要组成部分。

Unlike previous studies that are focused on mothering practices or international parenting knowledge, this study adopts localization marketing in an examination of the different groups that emerge out of the interaction of mothers of different social standings with Montessori parenting knowledge.In particular, these mothers adapt their use of Montessori parenting knowledge to their local situations.The study finds that women,who are different in the postion of the social strcture, experiencing intense eductional competition and rising care market differently.Due to their different experiences, They absorb the use of Montessori parenting knowledge and form two groups.One group of urban middle class background are the majority of “Montessori mothers” who are anxious and uncertain about themselves, while the other group of rural migrant workers are the majority of unprofessional “Montessori eductors.” The former rely on social networks to selectively absorb Montessori parenting knowledge to address their anxiety and uncertainty.The latter use Montessori parenting knowledge as a tool to fulfil their jobs and promote family growth.Both groups are important components of the response to localization of Montessori parenting knowledge that come from the West.