集体生产、家庭生活与妇女解放——李准短篇小说《一串钥匙》中的家—社问题

Collective Production, Family Life and Women’s Emancipation: Issues between Family and Collective in Li Zhun’s A Bunch of Keys

本文通过细读李准1958年底完成的短篇小说《一串钥匙》,尝试呈现这篇小说在李准“大跃进”与公社化时期的文学创作与现实思考中所具有的探索性意义。在现有的研究中,这篇小说往往会被从家庭与社会生产组织变革的角度理解为革命观念下的“分家叙事”,而忽略了作品内部实际呈现的集体化时期作为“户”的大家庭内部权力向集体与小家庭/个人同时让渡的过程。而这一过程中所形成的家—社问题又与人民公社化时期的公私观念、新旧观念、性别观念相互扭结,呈现出新旧两代人(尤其是老一辈传统男性与新的劳动妇女)在生产生活经验、身心经验与观念构成上的差异。同时,本文进一步思考了公社化时期在经由“家—社”事务的变革转化、孕育新的社会秩序和社会风气的过程中,劳动妇女所可能发挥的独特作用。

This paper intends to present the significance of Li Zhun’s creation of literature and his search and thinking through reality during the “Great Leap Forward” and the communization era, based on a close read of his A Bunch of Keys completed at the end of 1958.This novel is often understood in the existing literature as a story about “dividing up family property and living apart”from the revolutionary perspective of the transformation of family and social production organization.However, what has been ignored is the novel’s depiction of the shift of family power from the traditional families to collective organizations and nuclear families.Arising from this process during the period of people’s communization were differences in views between the old and the young generations, especially, between the old generation of traditional men and young working women, due to their different physical and mental experiences with production and life that affected their outlooks.These views included those between the family and the commune, which were intertwined with the emerging views of public vs.private, new vs.old, in relation to perspectives of gender.At the same time, this paper also further reflects on the unique role that working women might have played in the process of transformation of the affairs of “family and commune” and the rise of new social order and social atmosphere during the communization era.