足球世预赛仪式传播与国家认同建构研究

Research on Ritual Communication of World Cup Qualification and National Identification Construction

运用仪式传播理论,以从现场到媒介为总体研究思路,对足球世预赛仪式传播与国家认同建构进行剖析后,认为:足球世预赛仪式传播包含两种仪式和两个传播场域,其对国家认同的建构功能体现在:现场仪式的组织安排彰显国家意识、象征性符号的所指承载国家意义、媒介话语的叙事策略激发国家想象。研究提出:在足球世预赛仪式传播建构国家认同时,形成了“现场-媒介-拟态-意义-受众”等几个相关联环节组成的文化机制结构系统。具体来讲,足球世预赛仪式现场建构了国家认同的神话符号系统,在“套层观证”效应下进入到仪式化传播场域,并经由媒介组织采用拟态环境、编码等策略对其加工后,把具有国家认同的象征符号传达给卷入媒介仪式的受众,而人们通过对集体记忆的调取,最终实现对“想象的共同体”的精神意象。

Based on ritual communication theory,the paper analyzes the relationship between World Cup Qualification and national identification construction.It is proposed that the ritual communication of big sports events is composed of two kinds of rituals and two communication fields.The function of ritual communication in national identification construction includes:the organization and arrangement of on-the-spot rituals embody national awareness;symbolic tokens convey national meaning;narrative strategy of media sparks national imagination.The study suggests that in addition to national identification construction,the ritual communication of World Cup Qualification forms the cultural structure system of site-medium-mimesis-meaning-audience.To be exact,the mythical symbol system of national identification is first constructed on the site of World Cup Qualifications rituals,then it enters the field of ritualized communication under the effect of a set of"view and witness layers",and is processed by the media organization through mimetic environment and coding strategies.After that,it conveys the symbols of national identification to the audience involved in the media rituals.Eventually the audience realizes the spiritual imagery of an"imagined community"by accessing to the collective memory.