彝族蹢脚舞的身体符号及文化记忆研究——以四川省会理市小黑箐镇白沙村为例

A Study on the Body Symbols and Cultural Memory of Yi Ethnic Group’s Dijiao Dance——Take Baisha Village,Xiaoheiqing Town,Huili City,Sichuan Province as an Example

地缘与血缘相结合的彝族“原生态舞蹈”——彝族蹢脚舞具有联结个体、群体和社会记忆凝聚性结构功能,蹢脚舞身体活动符号具有还原和呈现个体、群体和社会文化记忆特质。文章运用文献资料法、田野考察法、口述史等研究方法,运用文化记忆理论对彝族蹢脚舞文化符号及文化记忆进行研究。研究认为:彝族蹢脚舞与神话和英雄崇拜相依附——是彝族个体、群体身体记忆和身体社会实践的产物;彝族蹢脚舞与彝族图腾崇拜内在关联——是彝族个体、群体在生活框架中身体实践综合表征;彝族蹢脚舞与彝族“生命”“生存”“生活”地域人文环境相依托——是彝族个体、群体实现“三生”教育身体记忆社会实践的产物;彝族蹢脚舞与“宗教祭祀”“节日庆典”关系不可剥离——是彝族个体、群体实现“宗教祭祀”和“婚礼仪式”身体记忆社会实践的鲜活表达。彝族蹢脚舞贯穿了人类和谐的三大维度:在历史的纵向上体现了人与自然的和谐;在社会化横向上贯穿了人与社会(人与人)的和谐;在纵横交汇点则具有弥合人自我内心平衡和不平衡的记忆特质。

Dijiao dance,a"native dance"of the Yi ethnic group that combines geographical and blood relationship,has the cohesive structural function of connecting the memory of individuals,ethnic group and society,and the physical activity symbols of Dijiao dance have the unique characteristics of restoring and presenting the cultural memory of individuals,ethnic group and society.This paper studies from the perspective of cultural memory theory the cultural symbols and cultural memory of Yi’s Dijiao dance by means of literature review,field survey and oral history.The study shows that Yi’s Dijiao dance is attached to myth and hero worship——it is the product of the body memory of both individuals and ethnic group of the Yi ethnic group and the social practices of their body;Yi’s Dijiao dance has an inner connection with Yi’s totem worship——it is a comprehensive representation of the body practice of both individuals and ethnic group of the Yi ethnic group in the framework of life;Yi’s Dijiao dance is dependent on the regional and humanistic environment of"life","survival"and"living"of the Yi ethnic group——it is the product of the social practice of body memory for both individuals and ethnic group of the Yi ethnic group to achieve the"Sansheng"education,namely the education of life,survival and living;Yi’s Dijiao dance bears an inherent relationship to their"religious sacrifice"and"festival celebration"——it is a vivid expression of the social practice of body memory for both individuals and ethnic group of the Yi ethnic group to realize their"religious sacrifice"and"wedding ceremony".Yi’s Dijiao dance embodies the three dimensions of human harmony:it reveals the harmony between nature and humanity in the vertical direction of history;it infiltrates the harmony between man and society(man to man)in the horizontal direction of socialization;it has the memorial characteristics of bridging the balance and imbalance within man’s self at the intersection of vertical and horizontal dimension.